From common good from the Platonic-Aristotelian vision to the Hobbesian logic of the social contract (from the mechanical order of matter to the final order of the will)

Abstract

Pausing in the investigation of the two major models that characterize political thought, namely, the classical (greek or aristotelian) model and the natural law (hobbesian), this paper, distinguishing in within the idealists and realists theories, undertakes an approach that involves issues that start from the question "How did the State arise?", proposed by the historicist perspective (aristotelian paradigm), which has as basis the man as "political animal", until rationalist (hobbesian parameter), which waves with the question "Why the State exists?", identifying the man as a being naturally antisocial, stressing that, if the common good set the platonic-aristotelian view, the hobbesian reading establishes a logic that emerges through the social contract and highlights the natural tendency of self-preservation as the foundation of human action, consisting, in short, in the transition from mechanical order of the matter to the final order of the will.