Monismo, relaciones, y los límites de la explicación metafísica
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2021.v44n1.29.p385Mots-clés :
principio de razón suficiente, monismo, relaciones, regreso de Bradley, vacuidadRésumé
En este artículo pretendo explorar los límites de una concepción de explicación metafísica basada en el Principio de Razón Suficiente (PRS). Para ello me concentraré en una de las supuestas consecuencias contra-intuitivas que se seguirían de una aplicación irrestricta del PRS, a saber: el Monismo Radical. Primero articularé dicha concepción de explicación metafísica. Luego explicaré cómo es que de un famoso argumento que descansa sobre el PRS–el regreso de Bradley–parece efectivamente seguirse el Monismo Radical. En seguida argumentaré en contra de la natural reacción frente a dicho argumento, a saber: aceptar el pluralismo y las relaciones como hechos brutos últimos. Finalmente, esbozare una versión cualificada del PRS, PRS*, que nos permite sortear el Monismo Radical sin necesidad de renunciar al contenido esencial del PRS.
Téléchargements
Références
BENNETT, J. A Study of Spinoza’s Ethics. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1984.
BLANSHARD, B. Bradley on relations. In: MANSER, A.; STOCK, G. The Philosophy of F. H. Bradley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. p. 211-226.
BLISS, R.; TROGDON, K. Metaphysical grounding. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), ed. E. Zalta, URL = Disponible en: nhttps://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/grounding/, 2016. Acceso: 15 jul. 2020.
BOHN, E. Must there be a top level? The Philosophical Quarterly, v. 59, p. 235, p. 193-201, 2009.
BRADLEY, F. H. Essays on Truth and Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1914.
BRADLEY, F. H. Principles of Logic. V. I. 2. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.
BRADLEY, F. H. Appearance and Reality. 2. ed. 9. imp. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1930.
BRADLEY, F. H. Relations. In: Collected Essays. V. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935. p. 628-676.
BRICEÑO, S. El regreso de Bradley y el problema de la unidad-compleja: ¿tropos al rescate? Crítica: Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía, v. 48, n. 143, p. 47-75, 2016.
CANDLISH, S. The Russell/Bradley Dispute and its Significance for Twentieth-Century Philosophy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
COLLINGWOOD, R. G. An Essay on Philosophical Method. Ed. J. Connelly y G. D’Oro. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
DASGUPTA, S. Metaphysical rationalism. Noûs, v. 50, n. 2, p. 379-418, 2016.
DELLA ROCCA, M. A Rationalist Manifesto: Spinoza and the Principle of Sufficient Reason. Philosophical Topics, v. 31, n. 1/2, p. 75-93, 2003.
DELLA ROCCA, M. Spinoza. London: Routledge, 2008.
DELLA ROCCA, M. PSR. Philosophers’ Imprint, v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-13, 2010.
DELLA ROCCA, M. Rationalism, idealism, monism, and beyond. In: FÖRSTER, E. MELAMED, Y (dir.) Spinoza and German Idealism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. p. 5-26.
DELLA ROCCA, M. Razing structures to the ground. Analytic Philosophy, v. 55, n. 3, p. 276-294, 2014.
DORR, C. To be F is to be G. Philosophical Perspectives, v. 30, p. 39-134, 2016.
FINE, K. The question of realism. Philosophers’ Imprint, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-30, 2001.
FINE, K. A guide to ground. In: CORREIA, F.; SCHNIEDER, B. (ed.). Metaphysical Grounding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. p. 37-80.
GARFIELD, J. The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
HYLTON, P. Russell, Idealism, and the Emergence of Analytical Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
LANGFORD, C. H. Moore’s notion of analysis. In: SCHILPP, P. A. (ed.) The Philosophy of G. E. Moore. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1968. p. 319-342.
MACBRIDE, F. Relations and truthmaking. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society v. 111, n. 1, p. 161-179, 2011.
MAURIN, A.-S. Trope theory and the Bradley regress. Philosophy Compass, v. 7, n. 11, p. 794-807, 2010.
MELAMED, Y.; LIN, M. Principle of sufficient reason. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2018 Edition), ed. E. Zalta, Disponible en: URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/sufficient-reason/, 2018. Acceso en: 15 jul. 2020.
PRIEST, G. Beyond the Limits of Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
PRIEST, G. One: Being an Investigation into the Unity of Reality and of its Parts, including the Singular Object which is Nothingness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
PRUSS, A. The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
RODRIGUEZ-PEREYRA, G. Grounding is not a strict order. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, v. 1, n. 3, p. 517-534, 2015.
ROSEN, G. Metaphysical dependence: grounding and reduction. In: HALE, B.; HOFFMANN, A. (ed.). Modality: Metaphysics, Logic, and Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. p. 109-135.
ROSEN, G. Real definition. Analytic Philosophy, v. 56, n. 3, p. 189-209, 2015.
RUSSELL, B. Some explanations in reply to Mr. Bradley. Mind, v. 19, n. 1, p. 373-378, 1910.
RUSSELL, B. Logical atomism. In: RUSSELL, B. Logic and Knowledge. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1956. p. 321-343.
SCHAFFER, J. Is there a fundamental level? Noûs, v. 37, n. 3, p. 498-517, 2003.
SCHAFFER, J. On what grounds what. In: CHALMERS, D.; MANLEY, D.; WASSERMAN, R. (ed.). Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. p. 347-383.
SCHAFFER, J. Monism: the priority of the whole. Philosophical Review, v. 119, n. 1, p. 31-76, 2010.
SIDERITS, M.; S. KATSURA. Nāgārjuna’s Middle Way. Somerville, MA: Wisdom, 2013.
SIMONS, P. Particulars in particular clothing: three trope theories of substance. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, v. 54, n. 3, p. 553-575, 1994.
SPINOZA, B. Ethics. In: CURLEY, E. (ed.) The Collected Writings of Spinoza. V. I1, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
VAN INWAGEN, P. Metaphysics. 4. ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2015.
WESTERHOFF, J. Nāgārjuna’s Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
WILSON, J. No work for a theory of grounding. Inquiry, v. 57, p. 535-579, 2014.
WITTGENSTEIN, L. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trad. D. F. Pears y B. F. McGuiness. London Routledge, 2002.
WOLLHEIM, R. F. H. Bradley. Penguin Books, 1959.
ZIMMERMAN, D. W. Prologue: Metaphysics after the Twentieth Century. In: ZIMMERMAN, D. W. (ed.). Oxford Studies in Metaphysics. V. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. pp. ix-xxii.
Recebido: 30/10/2019 - Aceito: 04/7/2020
Téléchargements
Publié
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© TRANS/FORM/AÇÃO: Revista de Filosofia 2021
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons.
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto distribuído sob os termos da Creative Commons Attribution License.