Para velhas perguntas, novas e melhores respostas: da engenharia conceitual ao aprimoramento erotético
Palavras-chave:
aprimoramento, erotético, engenharia conceitual, conceitos, projetos de melhoriaResumo
Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma posição a que se chama de aprimoramento erotético, segundo a qual devemos avaliar e, eventualmente, aprimorar nossas respostas a perguntas da forma “O que é x?”. O foco será em casos em que x captura uma categoria fortemente social, como o casamento. Tal posição é oferecida enquanto alternativa à ideia — por vezes denominada engenharia conceitual — de acordo com a qual devemos avaliar e, eventualmente, buscar uma melhoria de nossos conceitos. Uma vez introduzida a ideia de aprimoramento erotético, será buscado mostrar como pode ser mobilizada para lidar com o que se chama de desafio da preservação de tópico, e que vantagens possui em relação a uma posição semelhante disponível na literatura, nomeadamente, o Quadro Austero, defendido por Cappelen (2018).
Downloads
Referências
ABATH, A. J. Incomplete understanding of concepts and knowing in part what something is. Principia, v. 24, n. 3, p. 419-431, 2020.
ABATH, A. J. Knowing what things are: An inquiry-based approach. Basel: Springer, 2022.
APPIAH, K. A. In my father’s house. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
APPIAH, K. A. Race, culture, identity: Misunderstood connections. In: APPIAH, K. A.; GUTMANN (org.). Color conscious: The political morality of race. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. p. 30-105.
ÁSTA. 2017. Social kinds. In: JANKOVIC, M.; LUDWIG, K. (org.). The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality. Oxford: Routledge, 2017. p. 290-299.
BAKER, L. R. Just what is social ontology? Journal of Social Ontology, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-12, 2019.
BALL, D. Revisionary analysis without meaning change (or, could women be analytically oppressed?). In: BURGESS, A. CAPPELEN, H.; PLUNKETT, D. (org.). Conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 36-58.
BRUN, G. Explication as a method of conceptual re-engineering. Erkenntnis, v. 81, n. 6, p. 1211-1241, 2016.
BURGE, T. Individualism and the mental. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, v. 4, n. 1, p. 73-121, 1979.
BURGESS, A.; PLUNKETT, D. Conceptual ethics I. Philosophy Compass, v. 8, n. 12, p. 109-101, 2013a.
BURGESS, A.; PLUNKETT, D. Conceptual ethics II. Philosophy Compass, v. 8, n. 12, p. 1102-1110, 2013b.
BURGESS, A.; PLUNKETT, D. On the relation between conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. Ratio, v. 33, n. 4, p. 281-294, 2020.
CAPPELEN, H. Fixing language: An essay on conceptual engineering. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
CARNAP, R. Logical foundations of probability. 2. ed. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962.
CHALMERS, D. Verbal disputes. Philosophical Review, v.120, n. 4, p. 515-566, 2011.
CHALMERS, D. What is conceptual engineering and what should it be? Inquiry, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2020.1817141.
DIÁZ-LEON, E. Descriptive vs ameliorative projects: The role of normative considerations. In: BURGESS, A. CAPPELEN, H.; PLUNKETT, D. (org.). Conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. p.170-186.
DUMMETT, M. The seas of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
EKLUND, M. Choosing normative concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
EPSTEIN, B. A framework for social ontology. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, v. 46, n. 2, p. 147-167, 2016.
FODOR, J. Concepts: Where cognitive science went wrong. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
HACKING, I. The social construction of what? Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2000.
HASLANGER, S. Gender and race: (What) are they? (What) do we want them to be? Noûs, v. 34, n. 1, p. 31-55, 2000.
HASLANGER, S. What good are our intuitions? Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, v. 80, n. 1, p. 89-118, 2006.
HASLANGER, S. Resisting reality: Social construction and social critique. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
HASLANGER, S. Going on, not in the same way. BURGESS, A. CAPPELEN, H.; PLUNKETT, D. (org.). Conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020a. p. 230-260.
HASLANGER, S. How not to change the subject. In: MARQUES, T.; WIKFORSS, Å. (org.). Shifting concepts: The philosophy and psychology of conceptual variability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020b. p. 235-259.
ISAAC, M. G. How to conceptually engineer conceptual engineering? Inquiry, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2020.1719881.
JOHNSTON, M.; LESLIE, S. J. Concepts, analysis, generics and the Canberra plan. Philosophical Perspectives, v. 26, n. 1, p. 113-171, 2012.
KHALIDI, M. A. Natural categories and human kinds: classification in the natural and social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013a.
KHALIDI, M. A. Three kinds of social kinds. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, v. 90, n. 1, p. 96-112, 2013b.
KOFF, S. Engineering what? On concepts in conceptual engineering. Synthese, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-020-02868-w.
KRIPKE, S. Naming and necessity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1980.
LAURENCE, S.; MARGOLIS, E. Concepts and cognitive science. In: MARGOLIS, E.; LAURENCE, S. (org.). Concepts: Core readings. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. p. 3-81.
MANNE, K. Down girl: The logic of misogyny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
MILLIKAN, R. G. On clear and confused ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
NADO, J. Taking control: Conceptual engineering without (much) metasemantics. Inquiry, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2020.1850342.
PEACOCKE, C. A study of concepts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
PUTNAM, H. The meaning of “meaning”. In: PUTNAM, H. Philosophical papers. v. 2: Mind, language, and reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. p. 131-193.
ROBERTS, C. Information structure in discourse: Towards an integrated formal theory of pragmatics. Semantics & Pragmatics, v. 5, n. 6, p.1-69, 2012.
SAUL, J. Gender and race. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, v. 80, n. 1, p. 119-143, 2006.
SAWYER, S. Talk and thought. In: BURGESS, A. CAPPELEN, H.; PLUNKETT, D. (org.). Conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. p.170-186.
SCHARP, K. Replacing truth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
SCHARP, K. Philosophy as the study of defective concepts. In: BURGESS, A. CAPPELEN, H.; PLUNKETT, D. (org.). Conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 396-416.
STRAWSON, P. F. Carnap’s views on conceptual systems versus natural languages in analytic philosophy. In: SCHILPP, P. A. (org.). The philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. Chicago: Open Court, 1963. p.503-518.
WISOR, S. Measuring global poverty: Toward a pro-poor approach. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
ZALTA, E. Fregean senses, modes of presentation, and concepts. Philosophical Perspectives, v. 35, n. 15, p. 335-359, 2001.
Recebido: 22/08/2022
Aceito: 16/01/2023
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 TRANS/FORM/AÇÃO: Revista de Filosofia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons.
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto distribuído sob os termos da Creative Commons Attribution License.