O que conhecemos sobre os perpetradores de homicídio sexual de vítimas adultas? Revisão sistemática e metassíntese qualitativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v34.15782Palavras-chave:
homicídio, delitos sexuais, sadismo, psicologia criminal, vítimas de crimeResumo
Introdução: o homicídio sexual é definido como violência letal associada com elementos ou motivações sexuais, majoritariamente praticado por homens contra mulheres. Apesar de se tratar de crime de menor frequência, observa-se crescente interesse clínico e médico-legal por suas particularidades e características do agressor.
Objetivo: revisar a literatura científica sobre homens autores de homicídio sexual de vítimas adultas.
Método: revisão sistemática com os MeSH ((“Sex Offenses”[Mesh]) AND “Homicide”[Mesh]) nas bases do MEDLINE, LILACS, MENDELEY e SciELO, entre 1992 e 2023. Utilizou-se a estratégia PICO com população estudada (agressores sexuais masculinos), intervenção (homicídio de vítimas adultas), contexto (violência sexual) e desfecho (potencial relação entre as questões). As etapas de seleção e de análise dos artigos contou com dois pesquisadores independentes. Foram incluídos estudos originais, excluindo-se revisões, cartas ao editor, publicações em anais, livros e capítulos, teses e dissertações. Os artigos selecionados foram apresentados por metassíntese qualitativa.
Resultados: dos 70 artigos selecionados, 66 artigos (94,2%) adotaram métodos quantitativos, 2 (2,9%) desenho qualitativo e 2 (2,9%) relatos de caso. Encontramos 41 artigos (58,6%) conduzidos na América do Norte e 22 artigos (31,4%) na Europa, totalizando 63 artigos (90,0%). Outros cinco artigos (7,1%) foram da Ásia, um (1,4%) da África e um (1,4%) da Oceania. Em 52 artigos (74,3%) encontramos ênfase aos aspectos relacionados aos transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentais ou psicológicos do agressor, o sadismo sexual, ou formas de violência sexual ou de desfecho letal empregadas.
Conclusão: homens homicidas sexuais têm características que os diferenciam de outros agressores homicidas ou daqueles que praticam violência sexual, orientando seus crimes para um grupo heterogêneo de vítimas adultas. Os estudos se concentraram nos transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentais do agressor, assim como a relação com vivências traumáticas na infância.
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