Biomarcadores hematológicos na detecção de inflamação com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: uma análise avaliativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v35.16080Palavras-chave:
Doença renal crônica, Inflamação, Hemodiálise, BiomarcadoresResumo
Introdução: sabe-se que as proporções de diferentes componentes das células sanguíneas são novos marcadores inflamatórios, que têm bom valor preditivo no resultado da doença renal crônica, doenças cardiovasculares, doenças reumáticas, dentre outras, incluindo a relação neutrófilo/linfócito, relação monócito/linfócito e relação plaqueta/linfócito.
Objetivo: avaliar o perfil inflamatório, através dos parâmetros neutrófilo/linfócito, plaqueta/linfócito e monócito/linfócito em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.
Método: estudo transversal analítico. As análises foram conduzidas no software R (versão 4.2.2). Foram avaliados 112 pacientes hemodialíticos, com exclusão de casos com dados ausentes por variável. Biomarcadores como relação neutrófilo/linfócito, plaqueta/linfócito e monócito/linfócito foram analisados por boxplot para verificar simetria e outliers, e comparados entre pacientes com e sem inflamação. Testes de t de Student, precedidos por avaliações de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) e homogeneidade de variância (Levene), compararam os grupos e os valores de referência dos biomarcadores.
Resultados: a comparação entre grupos sem inflamação e com inflamação, identificados quanto a relação neutrófilo/linfócito, plaqueta/linfócito e monócito/linfócito, os três parâmetros tiveram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). Para verificação de consistência dos grupos inflamados e não inflamados, os parâmetros foram comparados aos valores de referência, nos 3 biomarcadores, 2 grupos diferiram estatisticamente (p<0,05) do valor de referência, a exceção dos pacientes com inflamação, que no marcador relação plaqueta/linfócito não diferiram do valor de referência, sugerindo que esse biomarcador, isoladamente, pode não ser suficiente para detectar inflamação nesse grupo.
Conclusão: o estudo evidencia a relevância dos biomarcadores hematológicos na identificação de inflamação em pacientes em hemodiálise. Apesar da plaqueta/linfócito isolada não se mostrar suficiente para esse diagnóstico, outros marcadores destacaram-se, apontando a necessidade de uma análise integrada para maior precisão diagnóstica.
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