Covid-19 and its relationship with kidney diseases: a scope review

Authors

  • Jennifer Soanno Marchiori a Students of the 10th period of the Undergraduate Nursing Course, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória EMESCAM – Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
  • Miguel Athos Da Silva De Oliveira a Students of the 10th period of the Undergraduate Nursing Course, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória EMESCAM – Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
  • Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra b Nurse. PhD in Health Sciences from the Centro Universitário FMABC. Professor of the Undergraduate Nursing Course at Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória EMESCAM – Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v31.12782

Keywords:

Coronavirus infection;, Acute Kidney Injury, Risk factors

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease originally from China that emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world, affecting 230,418.415 people, and causing 4,724,876 deaths. Coming from the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2 is a new subtype of virus that affects the respiratory tract in different levels and can spread and affect other vital structures in the body.

Objective: To identify the risk factors that lead patients infected by the new coronavirus to develop kidney disease.

Methods: This is a systematic review of the Scoping Review type (scope review), according to the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, with the implementation of a checklist structured by PRISMA-ScR that contains 22 mandatory items. The following descriptors were used: coronavirus infection, acute kidney injury and risk factors in five databases, namely PudMed, Scopus, Embase, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science.

Results: While reading the studies, it was concluded that Acute Kidney Injury was the main renal finding in patients contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. The risk factors for developing renal worsening in patients with COVID-19 were the extremes of age, race, sex, pre-existing diseases, and the disease evolution.

Conclusion: It is assumed that renal involvement does not occur only for an exclusive reason, but as a set of factors. It is up to the health team to pay constant attention to the warning signs by monitoring the contaminated patient.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ministério da Saúde (BR). 1. ed. Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica: Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional pela Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019. 2020.

Kannan S, Shaik Syed Ali P, Sheeza A, Hemalatha K. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) – recent trends. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. fevereiro de 2020; 24(4): 2006–11. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202002_20378. 1

Guo Y-R, Cao Q-D, Hong Z-S, Tan Y-Y, Chen S-D, Jin H-J, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Military Med Res. Dezembro de 2020; 7(1): 11. DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-01.

Freitas AS, Zica GM, Albuquerque CL de. Pandemia de coronavírus (COVID-19): o que os fonoaudiólogos devem saber. CoDAS. 2020; 32(3): e20200073.

Ministério da Saúde (BR). Sobre a Doença. 2020. Avaliable from: https://coronavirus.saude.gov.br/

World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 Vaccines. 2021. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines

Benichel CR, Meneguin S. Fatores de risco para lesão renal aguda em pacientes clínicos intensivos. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem. 11 de março de 2020; 33: e-APE20190064.

Gabarre P, Dumas G, Dupont T, Darmon M, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Med. julho de 2020; 46(7): 1339–48. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06153-9

Ribeiro, GLH, da Rosa, AF, Florian, PZ, Antonello, ICF. Lesão renal aguda. Acta méd. Porto Alegre. 2016, 6-6.

Peters M, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Trico A, Khalil H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, organizadores. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. JBI; 2020 [citado 12 de Julho de 2020]. Avaliable from: https://wiki.jbi.global/display/MANUAL/Chapter+11%3A+Scoping+reviews

Tricco, AC, Lillie, E, Zarin, W, O'Brien, KK, Colquhoun, H, Levac, D, ... & Straus, SE. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Annals of internal medicine, 2018; 169(7), 467-473.

Ghosn M, Attallah N, Badr M, Abdallah K, De Oliveira B, Nadeem A, et al. Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to ICU: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes. JCM. 15 de março de 2021 ;10(6): 1217.

Hardenberg J-HB, Stockmann H, Aigner A, Gotthardt I, Enghard P, Hinze C, et al. Critical Illness and Systemic Inflammation Are Key Risk Factors of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With COVID-19. Kidney International Reports. Abril de 2021; 6(4): 905–15.

Wang J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Li H, Yuan X, Wang X, et al. Identify the Risk Factors of COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Med. 28 de julho de 2020; 7: 436.

Lim J-H, Park S-H, Jeon Y, Cho J-H, Jung H-Y, Choi J-Y, et al. Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Severe Acute Kidney Injury. JCM. 3 de junho de 2020; 9(6) :1718.

Neves PD, Sato V, Mohrbacher S, Ferreira B, Pereira LV, Oliveira ES, Chocair P, et al. AKI due to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: Analysis of a Brazilian Center. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2020; 252-252.

Ouahmi H, Courjon J, Morand L, François J, Bruckert V, Lombardi R, et al. Proteinuria as a Biomarker for COVID-19 Severity. Front Physiol. 9 de março de 2021; 12: 611772.

Azam TU, Shadid HR, Blakely P, O’Hayer P, Berlin H, Pan M, et al. Soluble Urokinase Receptor (SuPAR) in COVID-19–Related AKI. JASN. Novembro de 2020; 31(11): 2725–35.

Xia P, Wen Y, Duan Y, Su H, Cao W, Xiao M, et al. Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill COVID-19 with Prolonged Disease Course: A Retrospective Cohort. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Setembro de 2020; 31(9): 2205–21.

Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang X, Wang K, Zhang N, Zhang M, et al. The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. CJASN. 7 de outubro de 2020; 15(10): 1394–402.

Cheng Y, Zhang N, Luo R, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. Kidney Dis. 26 de outubro de 2020; 7(2): 111-119.

Phillips T, Stammers M, Leggatt G, Bonfield B, Fraser S, Armstrong K, et al. Acute kidney injury in COVID‐19: Identification of risk factors and potential biomarkers of disease in a large UK cohort. Nephrology. Maio de 2021; 26(5): 420–31.

Gasparini M, Khan S, Patel JM, Parekh D, Bangash MN, Stϋmpfle R, et al. Renal impairment and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients who are critically ill with COVID‐19: a multicentre observational study. Anaesthesia. Março de 2021; 76(3): 320–6.

Xiao G, Hu H, Wu F, Sha T, Zeng Z, Huang Q, Li H, Han J, Song W, Chen Z, Cai S. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-center retrospective observational study. Journal of Southern Medical University. Fevereiro de 2021; 41(2): 157-163. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.02.01

Phillips T, Leggatt G, Stammers M, Armstrong K, Fraser SD, Bonfield B, Veighey K. COVID-19 AKI : Risk factors and markers of disease from a large UK cohort. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020; 31: 250

Lowe R, Ferrari M, Nasim-Mohi M, Jackson A, Beecham R, Veighey K, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury: a single centre cohort study. BMC Nephrol. Dezembro de 2021; 22(1): 92.

Li Q, Zhang T, Li F, Mao Z, Kang H, Tao L, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Can Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Elderly Patients with COVID-19 in the ICU: A Single-Center Study. CIA. Novembro de 2020; 15: 2095–107.

Nimkar A, Naaraayan A, Hasan A, Pant S, Durdevic M, Suarez CN, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Its Effect on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized From COVID-19. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes. Dezembro de 2020; 4(6): 687–95.

Dai Y, Liu Z, Du X, Wei H, Wu Y, Li H, et al. Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients Infected with COVID-19 from Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study. Iannotti F, organizador. BioMed Research International. 11 de janeiro de 2021; 2021: 1–8.

Zahid U, Ramachandran P, Spitalewitz S, Alasadi L, Chakraborti A, Azhar M, et al. Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: An Inner City Hospital Experience and Policy Implications. Am J Nephrol. 2020; 51(10): 786–96.

Hirsch JS, Ng JH, Ross DW, Sharma P, Shah HH, Barnett RL, et al. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Kidney International. Julho de 2020; 98(1): 209–18.

Hansrivijit P, Gadhiya KP, Gangireddy M, Goldman JD. Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicines. 7 de janeiro de 2021; 8(1): 4.

Diebold M, Schaub S, Landmann E, Steiger J, Dickenmann M. Acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 1º de março de 2021. Avaliable from: https://doi.emh.ch/smw.2021.20482

Xu J, Xie J, Du B, Tong Z, Qiu H, Bagshaw SM. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Severe COVID-19 Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Intensive Care Med. Março de 2021; 36(3): 319–26.

Zamoner W, Santos CA da S, Magalhães LE, Oliveira PGS de, Balbi AL, Ponce D. Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: 90 Days of the Pandemic in a Brazilian Public Hospital. Front Med. 9 de fevereiro de 2021; 8: 622577.

Ng JH, Hirsch JS, Hazzan A, Wanchoo R, Shah HH, Malieckal DA, et al. Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Fevereiro de 2021; 77(2): 204-215.

Paek JH, Kim Y, Park WY, Jin K, Hyun M, Lee JY, et al. Severe acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality. PLoS ONE. 9 de dezembro de 2020; 15(12): e0243528.

Li Q, Hu P, Kang H, Zhou F. Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury Missed Diagnosis in Older Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Unit. J Nutr Health Aging. Abril de 2021; 25(4): 492–500.

Doher MP, Torres de Carvalho FR, Scherer PF, Matsui TN, Ammirati AL, Caldin da Silva B, et al. Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Single-Center Experience in Brazil. Blood Purif. 2021; 50(4–5):520–30.

Peng S, Wang H-Y, Sun X, Li P, Ye Z, Li Q, et al. Early versus late acute kidney injury among patients with COVID-19—a multicenter study from Wuhan, China. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 4 de dezembro de 2020; 35(12): 2095–102.

Sang L, Chen S, Zheng X, Guan W, Zhang Z, Liang W, et al. The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med. Dezembro de 2020; 20(1): 290.

Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi L-X, Tang F, Zhu H-Y, et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney International. Julho de 2020; 98(1): 219–27.

Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovascular Research. 1º de Maio de 2020; 116(6): 1097–100. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078

Canatan D, Vives Corrons JL, De Sanctis V. The Multifacets of COVID-19 in Adult Patients: A Concise Clinical Review on Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Manifestations for Healthcare Physicians: Covid-19 and Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Manifestations. Acta Bio Medica Atenei Parmensis. 10 de novembro de 2020; 91(4): e2020173. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10665

Kolhe NV, Fluck RJ, Selby NM, Taal MW. Acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Remuzzi G, organizador. PLoS Med. 30 de outubro de 2020; 17(10): e1003406

KIDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. In Kidney International Supplements; 2012; 1(2): 8–12.

Ministério da Saúde (BR). Manual de Apoio aos Gestores do SUS: Organização da Rede de Laboratórios Clínicos. 2003. 9 p. (Normas e Manuais Técnicos).

Iba T, Levy JH, Levi M, Thachil J. Coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. Setembro de 2020; 18(9): 2103–9.

Bhaskar S, Sinha A, Banach M, Mittoo S, Weissert R, Kass JS, et al. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19—Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper. Front Immunol. 10 de julho de 2020; 11: 1648. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01648

Parker K, Hamilton P, Hanumapura P, Castelino L, Murphy M, Challiner R, et al. Chronic anticoagulation is not associated with a reduced risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalised Covid-19 patients. BMC Nephrol. 2021; 22(1): 224. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02436-5

Oliveira IB. Bioquímica da Interação do SARS-CoV-2 com a Proteína ACE2 e Agravo da COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020. Avaliable from: https://editorarealize.com.br/editora/ebooks/conbracis/2020/trabalho_ev135_md7_sa100_id267_13112020154733.pdf

Borges KNG, Oliveira RC, Macedo DAP, Santos JC, Pellizzer LGM. O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 em indivíduos com doenças crônicas e a sua correlação com o acesso a serviços de saúde. Rev Cient Esc Estadual Saúde Pública Goiás “Candido Santiago”. 2020; 6(3): e6000013.

Macena WG, Hermano LO, Costa TC. Alterações fisiológicas decorrentes do envelhecimento. RM. 10 de maio de 2018; (27): 223–38.

Pimentel RMM, Daboin BEG, Oliveira AG de, Macedo Jr H. The dissemination of COVID-19: an expectant and preventive role in global health. J Hum Growth Dev. 27 de março de 2020; 30(1): 135–40. DOI: 10.7322/jhgd.v30.9976

See YP, Young BE, Ang LW, Ooi XY, Chan CP, Looi WL, et al. Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. Nephron. 2021; 145(3): 256–64. DOI: 10.1159/000514064

Ministério da Saúde (BR). Cartilha de Saúde dos Homens: como os Serviços de Saúde veem os Homens e o que podem tentar para cuidar deles [Internet]. Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (SBMFC); 2019. Avaliable from: https://www.sbmfc.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cartilha-de-sau%cc%81de-do-homem.pdf

Kirby T. Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. junho de 2020;8(6):547–8.

Pan X, Xu D, Zhang H, Zhou W, Wang L, Cui X. Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the COVID-19 outbreak: a study based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. Intensive Care Med. junho de 2020; 46(6): 1114–6. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06026-1 1

Silva CMS e, Andrade AN, Nepomuceno B, Xavier DS, Lima E, Gonzalez I, et al. Evidence-based Physiotherapy and Functionality in Adult and Pediatric patients with COVID-19. J Hum Growth Dev. 2020; 30(1): 148–55. DOI: 10.7322/jhgd.v30.10086 1

Published

2021-12-01

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES