Self-perceived stress by women during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey with brazilian physiotherapists

Authors

  • Pablo Cardozo Rocon aPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-5786
  • Flavia Marini Paro Curso de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-3778
  • Rodrigo Daros Vieira Curso de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Salesiano, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-7973
  • Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-4423
  • Marcela Cangussu Barbalho-Moulim Curso de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-2457
  • Christyne Gomes Toledo de Oliveira Departametno de Psicologia, Centro Universitário Salesiano, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3340
  • José Roberto Gonçalves de Abreu Mestrado em Ciências, Tecnologia e Educação, Centro Universitário do Vale do Cricaré, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-9856
  • Halina Duarte Curso de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-6558

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v34.15398

Keywords:

COVID-19, Mental health, Physical therapists, Stress disorders, Women

Abstract

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to investigate the factors related to stress in female health professionals since women and men are exposed differently to pandemic consequences.

Objective: to analyze which psychosocial demands, sociodemographic, and clinical factors were associated with high levels of perceived stress among Brazilian female physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. The data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale and an online questionnaire sent by e-mail. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), with their respective 95% CI, were estimated by logistic regression.

Results: the sample was compounded by 339 physiotherapists. Participants who reported a lot/extreme concern with household workers (OR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.40; 5.46), or relationship with a partner (OR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.79; 9.21) or financial questions (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.15; 4.35) were more likely to report high levels of perceived stress. In conclusion, the psychosocial demands associated with high levels of perceived stress are high or extreme concern with household chores, or with the relationship with a partner, or financial issues.

Conclusion: the factors associated with high levels of perceived stress in this sample of Brazilian physiotherapists were the following psychosocial demands: high or extreme concern with household chores, high or extreme with a relationship with a partner, or high or extreme with financial issues.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Badahdah AM, Khamis F, Mahyijari NA. The psychological well-being of physicians during COVID-19 outbreak in Oman. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020 Jul;289:113053. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113053

Duarte H, Daros Vieira R, Cardozo Rocon P, Andrade ACDS, Wittmer VL, Capellini VK, et al. Factors associated with Brazilian physical therapists’ perception of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Psychol Health Med [Internet]. 2022 Jan;27(1):42–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1875133

Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, AlGahtani H, Ebrahim A, Faris M, AlEid K, et al. The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Breath [Internet]. 2021 Mar;25(1):503–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02135-9

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2020 Mar 2;3(3):e203976. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2020 Aug;88:901–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026

Sahin SK, Arslan E, Atalay ÜM, Demir B, Elboga G, Altındağ A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on health workers in a university hospital in Turkey. Psychol Health Med [Internet]. 2022 Jan;27(1):81–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1900578

Cristina da Costa K, Edla de Oliveira Bringuente M, Barcelos de Oliveira A, Caniçali Cousin C, Valeria de Souza Almeida M, Nascimento do Prado T, et al. Working conditions of nursing professionals in the context of COVID-19. J Hum Growth Dev [Internet]. 2023 Aug 14;33(2):241–9. Available from: https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A13%3A2588365/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A171889646&crl=c

Gausman J, Langer A. Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Womens Health [Internet]. 2020 Apr;29(4):465–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8472

Shannon G, Minckas N, Tan D, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Batura N, Mannell J. Feminisation of the health workforce and wage conditions of health professions: an exploratory analysis. Hum Resour Health [Internet]. 2019 Oct 17;17(1):72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0406-0

Righetti RF, Onoue MA, Politi FVA, Teixeira DT, Souza PN de, Kondo CS, et al. Physiotherapy Care of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - A Brazilian Experience. Clinics [Internet]. 2020 Jun 22;75:e2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2017

Thomas P, Baldwin C, Beach L, Bissett B, Boden I, Cruz SM, et al. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting and beyond: an update to clinical practice recommendations. J Physiother [Internet]. 2022 Jan;68(1):8–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2021.12.012

Wittmer VL, Paro FM, Duarte H, Capellini VK, Barbalho-Moulim MC. Early mobilization and physical exercise in patients with COVID-19: A narrative literature review. Complement Ther Clin Pract [Internet]. 2021 May;43:101364. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101364

Yang S, Kwak SG, Ko EJ, Chang MC. The Mental Health Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Therapists. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 May 25;17(10). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103723

Dias LMS, Guimaraes FS, Leite CF, Paro FM, Annoni R, Oliveira ACO, et al. Physiotherapy practice for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Bras Pneumol [Internet]. 2022 Sep 5;48(4):e20220121. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220121

Volpe MS, Dias LMS, Leite CF, Annoni R, Paro FM, Oliveira ACO, et al. Chest physiotherapy techniques administered by certified specialists to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Brazil: A look towards future practice. Heart Lung [Internet]. 2023 Jun 12;62:87–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.06.005

Capellini VK, Paro FM, Vieira RD, Wittmer VL, Barbalho-Moulim MC, Soares SCS, et al. Brazilian physiotherapist anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Cien Saude Colet [Internet]. 2023 Oct;28(10):2951–63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.09922023

Zangirolami-Raimundo J, Echeimberg JDO, Leone C. Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. J Hum Growth Dev [Internet]. 2018 Nov 28;28(3):356–60. Available from: https://www.revistas.usp.br/jhgd/article/view/152198

Reis RS, Hino AAF, Añez CRR. Perceived stress scale: reliability and validity study in Brazil. J Health Psychol [Internet]. 2010 Jan;15(1):107–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105309346343

Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav [Internet]. 1983 Dec;24(4):385–96. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6668417

Luft CDB, Sanches S de O, Mazo GZ, Andrade A. Brazilian version of the Perceived Stress Scale: translation and validation for the elderly. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2007 Aug [cited 2024 Mar 29];41(4):606–15. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/bgpXDHZXQXNqVS8JLnLdLhr/abstract/?format=html&lang=en

Ma Y, Rosenheck R, He H. Psychological stress among health care professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease Outbreak: Cases from online consulting customers. Intensive Crit Care Nurs [Internet]. 2020 Dec;61:102905. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102905

Man MA, Toma C, Motoc NS, Necrelescu OL, Bondor CI, Chis AF, et al. Disease Perception and Coping with Emotional Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Among Medical Staff. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jul 7;17(13). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134899

Trigo M, Canudo N, Branco F, Silva D. Estudo das propriedades psicométricas da Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) na população portuguesa. Psychologica [Internet]. 2010 Dec 1;(53):353–78. Available from: https://impactum-journals.uc.pt/psychologica/article/view/1647-8606_53_17

Hosmer DW. Applied logistic regression, 2. 2000;

Altemus M, Sarvaiya N, Neill Epperson C. Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Front Neuroendocrinol [Internet]. 2014 Aug;35(3):320–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.004

Kuehner C. Why is depression more common among women than among men? Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Feb;4(2):146–58. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30263-2

Spagnolo PA, Manson JE, Joffe H. Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1;173(5):385–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M20-1941

Garcia LP. Dimensões de sexo, gênero e raça na pesquisa sobre COVID-19. Epidemiol Serv Saúde [Internet]. 2020 Jul 13 [cited 2024 Mar 29];29(3):e20202207. Available from: https://www.scielosp.org/article/ress/2020.v29n3/e20202207/

Giurge LM, Whillans AV, Yemiscigil A. A multicountry perspective on gender differences in time use during COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A [Internet]. 2021 Mar 23;118(12). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018494118

Collins C, Landivar LC, Ruppanner L, Scarborough WJ. COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours. Gend Work Organ [Internet]. 2021 Jan;28(Suppl 1):101–12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12506

Gabster BP, van Daalen K, Dhatt R, Barry M. Challenges for the female academic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1968–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31412-4

Almegewly W, Alhejji A, Alotaibi L, Almalki M, Alanezi M, Almotiri A, et al. Perceived stress and resilience levels during the COVID-19 pandemic among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia: a correlational cross-sectional study. PeerJ [Internet]. 2022 May 6;10:e13164. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13164

Pieh C, O Rourke T, Budimir S, Probst T. Correction: Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1;16(9):e0257118. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257118

Béland LP, Brodeur A, Haddad J, Mikola D. Determinants of Family Stress and Domestic Violence: Lessons from the COVID-19 Outbreak. Can Public Policy [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1;47(3):439–59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-119

Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Gender differences in depression. Critical review. Br J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2000 Dec;177:486–92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.486

Barbosa ALN de H, Costa JS de M, Hecksher MD. Mercado de trabalho e pandemia da covid-19: Ampliação de desigualdades já existentes? 2020

Published

2024-04-11

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES