Evolution of mortality and lethality due to covid-19 in the state of Roraima, Brazil, from march 2020 to july 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v31.12184Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, mortality, epidemiology, incidenceAbstract
Introduction: the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in the Brazilian North region is worrying. There is a lack of resources for Public Health, a low human development index, and poverty indicators above the national average.
Objective: to analyze mortality and lethality from COVID-19 in the State of Roraima, Brazil.
Methods: this is an ecological time-series study of secondary data on COVID-19 in Roraima, Northern Brazil, from March 2020 to July 2021. The incidence, mortality, and lethality rates due to COVID-19 were calculated. The Prais-Winsten regression model was used to calculate the time series trends. Trends were classified as increasing, decreasing, or stationary. The trend was considered static when the p-value was not significant (p>0.05).
Results: in the state of Roraima, from March 2020 to July 2021, there were 123,125 cases and 1,903 accumulated deaths due to COVID-19. The first wave (March 2020 to October 2021) of COVID-19 recorded the incidence rate (2,995.30 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants - July 2020) and mortality (56.32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants - June 2020) higher lethality. However, in the second wave (November 2020 to July 2021), the highest lethality rate was observed (3.47% - February 2021). It was observed that during the first wave, the incidence rate of COVID-19 showed increasing trends. During this period, the mortality rate had a stationary tendency (p>0.05) and the percentage lethality with a decreasing trend (p<0.05). During the second wave, there was a more aggravating scenario for lethality, which changed from a daily reduction rate of 0.90% to stationary trends.
Conclusion: the pandemic in the state of Roraima is not yet under control, so it is necessary to strengthen strategies to mitigate the spread of the pandemic in the region and prevent the formation of new waves.
Downloads
References
O que é a Covid-19? [Internet]. Ministério da Saúde. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/coronavirus/o-que-e-o-coronavirus
Who coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard [Internet]. Disponível em: https://covid19.who.int
Controle da COVID-19 nas Américas levará anos se vacinação continuar em ritmo lento, afirma diretora da OPAS - OPAS/OMS | Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde [Internet]. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/9-6-2021-controle-da-covid-19-nas-americas-levara-anos-se-vacinacao-continuar-em-ritmo continuar-em-ritmo
Maciel, ES, Quaresma, FRP. Cadernos Educativos: vacinação contra a COVID 19. 2021.
Mendonça FD, Rocha SS, Pinheiro DLP, Oliveira SV de. Região Norte do Brasil e a pandemia de COVID-19: análise socioeconômica e epidemiológica. J Health NPEPS. 9 de maio de 2020; 5(1): 20–37.
GOVERNO DO ESTADO DE RORAIMA. Boletim epidemiológico nº 558Transparência. 2021a. Disponível em: < https://www.saude.rr.gov.br/index.php/transparencia/transparencia-saude/coronavirus/informacoes-coronavirus>. Acesso em: 13 ago 2021.
FIOCRUZ. FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ. Boletim Observatório Covid-19. Boletim extraordinário. 11 de agosto de 2021. 2021a. Disponível em: https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_11agosto.pdf
SESAU. Covid-19: Roraima vai começar a vacinar adolescentes com mais de 12 anos | Roraima em Foco. Disponível em: <https://roraimaemfoco.com/covid-19-roraima-vai-comecar-a-vacinar-adolescentes-com-mais-de-12-anos/>.
Senhoras EM, Gomes ML. COVID-19 NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE RORAIMA. Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA), Boa Vista, v. 3, n. 9, p. 139-149, sep. 2020. ISSN 2675-1488. Disponível em: <https://revista.ufrr.br/boca/article/view/SenhorasGomes/3115>.
WHO. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th Revision. 2020. Disponível em: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/U04>.
DATASUS. Projeção da população das unidades da federação por sexo e grupos de idade: 2000-2030. Disponível: <https://datasus.saude.gov.br/populacao-residente>.
IBGE. Cidades| Roraima | Panorama. [citado em 17 ago. 2021]. Disponível em: <https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rr/panorama>.
Antunes, JLF, Cardoso, MRA. (2015) ‘Uso da análise de séries temporais em estudos epidemiológicos’, Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 24(3), 565-576, DOI: 10.5123/S1679-49742015000300024.
CIEVS – RORAIMA. Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde. Boletim epidemiológico Nº 52, atualizado em: 21/03/2020. 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.saude.rr.gov.br/index.php/transparencia/transparencia-saude/coronavirus/informacoes-coronavirus?start=500 >.
CIEVS – RORAIMA. Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde. Boletim epidemiológico Nº 514, atualizado em: 29/06/2021. 2021. Disponível em: < https://www.saude.rr.gov.br/index.php/transparencia/transparencia-saude/coronavirus/informacoes-coronavirus?start=500 >.
Castro MC, Kim S, Barberia L, Ribeiro AF, Gurzenda S, Ribeiro KB, et al. (2021). Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. Science (New York, N.Y.), 372(6544), 821–826.
Ten-caten F, Gonzalez-dias P, Castro Í, Ogava R, Giddaluru J, Silva J, et al. In-depth analysis of laboratory parameters reveals the interplay between sex, age, and systemic inflammation in individuals with COVID-19. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID:official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 105, 579–587, 2021.
Kushwaha S, Khanna P, Rajagopal V, Kiran, T. (2021). Biological attributes of age and gender variations in Indian COVID-19 cases: A retrospective data analysis. Clinical epidemiology and global health, 11, 100788.
Talasaz AH, kakavand H, Van tassel B, Aghakouchakzadeh M, Sadeghipour P, Dunn S, Geraiely B. Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Pharmacotherapy Perspective. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 35(2), 249–259, 2021.
Kadel S, Kovats S. (2018). Sex Hormones Regulate Innate Immune Cells and Promote Sex Differences in Respiratory Virus Infection. Frontiers in immunology, 9, 1653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01653
Charya Y. et al. Gender Disaggregation in COVID-19 and Increased Male Susceptibility. J Nepal Health Res Counc, v. 18, n.3, p.345-350, 2020.
Tavares, CDAM et al. Alterações da ECA2 e Fatores de Risco para Gravidade da COVID-19 em Pacientes com Idade Avançada. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia [online]. 2020, v. 115, n. 4, pp. 701-707.
Dai SP, Zhao X, Wu JH. (2021). Effects of Comorbidities on the Elderly Patients with COVID-19: Clinical Characteristics of Elderly Patients Infected with COVID-19 from Sichuan, China. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 25(1), 18–24.
Zheng YY, Zhang JY Et al. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol 17, 259–260 (2020).
Lima-martínez, MM. Et al. COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus: una relación bidireccional. Clinica E Investigacion En Arteriosclerosis, v. 33, n. 3, p. 151, 1º maio 2021. Disponível em: /articles/PMC7598432/>.
Michalakis Et al. Obesity and COVID-19: A jigsaw puzzle with still missing pieces. Clinical Obesity, v. 11, n. 1, Fev 2021. Disponível em: /articles/PMC7645965/>. Acesso em: 22 jul 2021.
Hradsky O, Komarek A. (2021). Demographic and public health characteristics explain large part of variability in COVID-19 mortality across countries. European journal of public health, 31(1), 12–16.
Rocha R, Atun R, Massuda A, Rache B, Spinola P, Nunes L, Lago M, Castro MC. (2021). Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. The Lancet. Global health, 9(6), e782–e792.
Bezerra É, Santos P, Lisbinski FC, Dias, LC. (2020). Análise espacial das condições de enfrentamento à COVID-19: uma proposta de Índice da Infraestrutura da Saúde do Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva [online]. 2020, v. 25, n. 12, pp. 4957-4967.
GOVERNO DO ESTADO DE RORAIMA. Plano de contingência do estado de Roraima para enfrentamento da doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). 2021b. Disponível em: https://www.saude.rr.gov.br/phocadownload/coronavirus/planocontigenciaestadualcoronavirus_2021_v01.pdf
FIOCRUZ. FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ. Boletim Observatório Covid-19. Semanas epidemiológicas 31 e 32, de 26 de julho a 8 de agosto de 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_semana_31-32_2020-08-14_.pdf. >.
Souza F, Hojo-Souza NS, Da Silva CM, Guidoni DL. (2021). Second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil: younger at higher risk. European journal of epidemiology, 36(4), 441–443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00750-8
Naveca F, Costa C. Caracterização genética do SARS-CoV-2 circulante no Estado do Amazonas. Nota Técnica Conjunta No 09/Fiocruz/ILMD E FVS-AM; 2021. Published online Jan 28. Disponível em: https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/NOTA-TE%CC%81CNICA-CONJUNTA-N%C2%BA-09.2021.FVS-AM-X-ILMD.FICRUZ-AM-28.01.2021.pdf
FIOCRUZ. FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ. Boletim Observatório Covid-19. Semanas epidemiológicas 8 e 9, de 21 de fevereiro a 6 de março de 2021. 2021b. Disponível em: https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_semanas_08_09.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Valenzuela EV, Morais TC, Cavalcanti MPE, Portugal IBM, Souza ISS, Ribeiro MAL, Monteiro CBM, Abreu LC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.