Public Ontologies about Electronic Government
a Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/1940-1640.2020.v14n3.10105Keywords:
Ontologies, Electronic government, eGov, Knowledge representationAbstract
In the context of construction and provision of Electronic Government services - eGov - it is important to advance in high-level modeling, seeking to represent knowledge about this domain. The problem presents itself as a question of generality and independence of the concepts involved. In the search for solutions, several academic and governmental initiatives seek consensus on government processes and the definition of their basic entities. In order for ontological models and system artifacts to be used reasonably independently of geographic boundaries, we need a definition and acceptance of everyone involved. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to have a broad consensus among designers, ease of use and flexibility of reuse and specialization. The objective of this work is to carry out a Systematic Literature Review on this subject and, presenting its findings, to direct future research. 236 studies were identified and, after applying exclusion criteria, 24 articles were analyzed. It was concluded that there are a reasonable number of models that can be reused, as they are in a good level of acceptance and international use.
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References
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Almeida, Maurício Barcellos. Inter-Operabilidade Entre Fontes Heterogêneas: Um Meta-Modelo Baseado Em Ontologias. UFMG, 2002.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, Fabiana Bigão Silva, et al. “Ontological Approach to the Normative Dimension of Organizations: An Application of Documents Acts Ontology.” Ciência Da Informação, vol. 46, no. 1, 2017, doi:10.18225/ci.inf..v46i1.4024.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos. “Revisiting Ontologies: A Necessary Clarification.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 64, no. 8, 2013, pp. 1682–93, doi:10.1002/asi.22861.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, Renato Rocha Souza, et al. “Semantics In The Semantic Web: A Critical Evaluation.” Knowledge Organization Journal, vol. 38, no. 3, 2011, pp. 187–203.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, and Marcello Peixoto Bax. “Uma Visão Geral Sobre Ontologias: Pesquisa Sobre Definições, Tipos, Aplicações, Métodos de Avaliação e de Construção.” Ciência Da Informação, vol. 32, no. 3, 2003, pp. 7–20, doi:10.1590/S0100-19652003000300002.
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Apostolou, Dimitris, et al. “Towards a Semantically-Driven Software Engineering Environment for EGovernment.” E-Government: Towards Electronic Democracy, edited by Michael Böhlen et al., vol. 3416, Springer, 2005, pp. 157–68.
Bizer, Christian, et al. “Linked Data-the Story so Far.” International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, 2009, pp. 1–22, doi:10.4018/jswis.2009081901.
Bortolato, Frederico. Ligando Dados Governamentais Abertos: Uma Ontologia Do Processo Legislativo de São Paulo. IPT SP, 2014.
Brochhausen, Mathias, et al. “Towards a Formal Representation of Document Acts and the Resulting Legal Entities.” Foundations of Ontologies, 2013, pp. 120–40.
Bulut, Cevdet, and Benjamin P. C. Yen. “E-Procurement in Public Sector: A Global Overview.” Electronic Government, vol. 10, no. 2, 2013, pp. 189–210, doi:10.1504/EG.2013.052601.
Ça?da?, Volkan, and Erik Stubkjær. “A SKOS Vocabulary for Linked Land Administration: Cadastre and Land Administration Thesaurus.” Land Use Policy, vol. 49, Elsevier Ltd, Dec. 2015, pp. 668–79, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.12.017.
Chevitarese Alves, Marcus Vinicius, and Marcello Peixoto Bax. “Necessity and Feasibility of Adopting LOD Standard by National Congress: A Study in the Context of the Public Budget.” Informação e Sociedade - Estudos, vol. 24, no. 1, UFCG, 2014, pp. 73–94.
Consoli, Sergio, et al. “Producing Linked Data for Smart Cities: The Case of Catania.” Big Data Research, vol. 7, Elsevier Inc., Mar. 2017, pp. 1–15, doi:10.1016/j.bdr.2016.10.001.
Brito, Kellyton dos Santos , et al. “Using Parliamentary Brazilian Open Data to Improve Transparency and Public Participation in Brazil.” Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Dg.o 2014), 2014, doi:10.1145/2612733.2612769.
Du, Jie, and Lina Zhou. “Improving Financial Data Quality Using Ontologies.” Decision Support Systems, vol. 54, no. 1, Elsevier B.V., 2012, pp. 76–86, doi:10.1016/j.dss.2012.04.016.
Fabbri, Sandra, Cleiton Silva, et al. “Improvements in the StArt Tool to Better Support the Systematic Review Process.” Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering - EASE ’16, 2016, doi:10.1145/2915970.2916013.
Fabbri, Sandra, Elis Hernandes, et al. “Using Information Visualization and Text Mining to Facilitate the Conduction of Systematic Literature Reviews.” Enterprise Information Systems, Iceis 2012, 2013.
Façanha, Raquel Lima, and Maria Cláudia Cavalcanti. “On the Road to Bring Government Legacy Systems Data Schemas to Public Access.” 8th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2014), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2014.
Ferneda, Edilson, and Fernando W. Cruz. Ontological Engineering for Public and Private Procurement. 2016.
Fragkou, Pavlina, et al. “Enriching the E-GIF Ontology for an Improved Application of Linking Data Technologies to Greek Open Government Data.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.141.
Freitas, Fred. “Ontologias e a Web Semântica.” Anais Do XXIII Congresso Da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2003, pp. 1–52, doi:10.3395/reciis.v3i1.238pt.
Geiger, Christian P., and Jörn von Lucke. “Open Government and (Linked) (Open) (Government) (Data).” JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, vol. 4, no. 2, 2012, pp. 265–78.
Guarino, Nicola. “Formal Ontology and Information Systems.” Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, vol. 46, no. June, 1998, pp. 3–15, doi:10.1.1.29.1776.
Hendler, James, et al. “US Government Linked Open Data: Semantic.Data.Gov.” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, 2012, pp. 25–31.
Hunter, Jane. “An Ontological Framework to Support Evidence-Based Policy Making Using Global City Indicators.” 2015 IEEE 1st International Smart Cities Conference, ISC2 2015, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015, doi:10.1109/ISC2.2015.7366209.
Krijgsman, Mark, et al. “Social Web Ontology for Public Services.” Case Studies in E-Government 2.0, Springer, 2015, pp. 199–215.
Laudon, Kenneth, and Jane P. Laudon. Sistemas de Informação Gerenciais. 9a ed., Pearson, 2011.
Linders, Dennis. “From E-Government to We-Government: Defining a Typology for Citizen Coproduction in the Age of Social Media.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 4, 2012, pp. 446–54.
Linthicum, David S. Enterprise Application Integration. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000.
Luna-Reyes, Luis Felipe, et al. “Open Government, Open Data and Digital Government.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 1, 2014, pp. 4–5.
Madnick, Stuart, and Hongwei Zhu. “Improving Data Quality through Effective Use of Data Semantics.” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 59, no. 2, 2006, pp. 460–75, doi:10.1016/j.datak.2005.10.001.
Matheus, Ricardo, et al. “Brazil towards Government 2.0: Strategies for Adopting Open Government Data in National and Subnational Governments.” Case Studies in E-Government 2.0: Changing Citizen Relationships, vol. 55, no. 11, 2015, pp. 121–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08081-9_8.
McDermott, Patrice. “Building Open Government.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 4, 2010, pp. 401–13.
Mentzas, Gregoris, and Andreas Friesen. “Semantic Enterprise Application Integration for Business Processes: Service-Oriented Frameworks.” Semantic Enterprise Application Integration for Business Processes: Service-Oriented Frameworks, IGI Global, 2009, doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-804-8.
MP, Ministério do Planejamento Desenvolvimento e Gestão. Estratégia de Governança Digital - EGD. 2016, p. 56.
---. VCGE - Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico. 2016.
Ordiyasa, I. Wayan, et al. “Enhancing Quality of Service for EGovernment Interoperability Based on Adaptive Ontology.” Proceedings - 2016 2nd International Conference on Science and Technology-Computer, ICST 2016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017, pp. 102–07, doi:10.1109/ICSTC.2016.7877356.
Palmirani, Monica, et al. “Pronto: Privacy Ontology for Legal Compliance.” Proceedings of the European Conference on E-Government, ECEG, edited by Andrea K\Ho and Enrico Francesconi, vol. 2018-Octob, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 142–51.
Pinto, Jaime Andrade, and Maurício Barcellos Almeida. “The Role of Controlled Vocabularies in Projects for Electronic Government - An Overview of the Brazilian Context.” CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2228, 2018.
Ramaprasad, Arkalgud, et al. “An Ontology of EGovernment.” Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2015, p. 10, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_20.
Pinto, Jaime Andrade, and Maurício Barcellos Almeida. “Gaps in Local EGovernment Research: An Ontological Analysis.” Twenty-First Americas Conference on Information Systems, Puerto Rico, 2015, 2015.
Ramirez, João P. Righi. Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico (VCGE): Uma Análise Com Base Em Em Critérios Aplicáveis a Taxonomias e Tesauros. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2015.
Ribeiro, Claudio José Silva, and Reinaldo Figueiredo de Almeida. “Dados Abertos Governamentais (Open Government Data): Instrumento Para Exercício de Cidadania Pela Sociedade.” XI ENANCIB - Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa Em Ciência Da Informação, 2011, pp. 2568–80.
Ribeiro, Claudio José Silva, and Durval Vieira Pereira. “A Publicação de Dados Governamentais Abertos: Proposta de Revisão Da Classe Sobre Previdência Social Do Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico.” Transinformacao, 2015, doi:10.1590/0103-37862015000100007.
Ryhanen, Katariina, et al. “Generic Data Models for Semantic E- Government Interoperability: Literature Review.” Innovation and the Public Sector, 2014, pp. 106–19, doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-429-9-106.
Sánchez-Ortiz, Aurora, et al. “Comparative Analysis of E-Gov Services: An Ontology-Based Approach.” International E-Government Development?: Policy, Implementation and Best Practice, edited by Laura Alcaide Muñoz and Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 19–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63284-1_2.
Santos, Lucas A., et al. “Using an Ontology Network for Data Integration: A Case in the Public Security Domain.” Ontobrás 2018 - XI Seminar on Ontology Research in Brazil, edited by Joel Carbonara et al., 2018, pp. 209–20.
Santoso, Heru Agus, et al. “An Ontological Crawling Approach for Improving Information Aggregation over EGovernment Websites.” Journal of Computer Science, vol. 12, no. 9, Science Publications, 2016, pp. 455–63, doi:10.3844/jcssp.2016.455.463.
Smith, Barry. “How to Do Things with Documents.” Rivista Di Estetica, no. 50, Lexis Sas, 2012, pp. 179–98.
Sommerville, Ian. “Software Engineering (10th Edition).” Pearson Education Limited, 2016.
Van Compernolle, Mathias, et al. “State-of-the-Art Assessment on the Implementations of International Core Data Models for Public Administrations.” 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ACM Digital Library, 2016, pp. 327–37, doi:10.1145/2910019.2910027.
Wang, Zhongxiu, and Mark S. Fox. “Expenditure, Revenue and Taxes — Towards a Standard for Representing City Finance Open Data.” 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580847.
Welch, Eric W., et al. “Linking Citizen Satisfaction with E-Government and Trust in Government.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 15, no. 3, 2005, pp. 371–91.
Wijnhoven, Fons, et al. “Open Government Objectives and Participation Motivations.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 1, Elsevier Ltd, 2015, pp. 30–42.
Zamboni, Augusto, et al. “StArt: Uma Ferramenta Computacional de Apoio à Revisão Sistemática.” Salão de Ferramentas. Congresso Brasileiro de Software, 2010, pp. 91–96.
Zuniga, Gloria L. An Ontology Of Economic Objects. Apr. 1999.
Zuniga, Gloria L. “Ontology: Its Transformation from Philosophy to Information Systems.” Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Collected Papers from the Second International Conference, 2001.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos. Inter-Operabilidade Entre Fontes Heterogêneas: Um Meta-Modelo Baseado Em Ontologias. UFMG, 2002.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, Fabiana Bigão Silva, et al. “Ontological Approach to the Normative Dimension of Organizations: An Application of Documents Acts Ontology.” Ciência Da Informação, vol. 46, no. 1, 2017, doi:10.18225/ci.inf..v46i1.4024.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos. “Revisiting Ontologies: A Necessary Clarification.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 64, no. 8, 2013, pp. 1682–93, doi:10.1002/asi.22861.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, Renato Rocha Souza, et al. “Semantics In The Semantic Web: A Critical Evaluation.” Knowledge Organization Journal, vol. 38, no. 3, 2011, pp. 187–203.
Almeida, Maurício Barcellos, and Marcello Peixoto Bax. “Uma Visão Geral Sobre Ontologias: Pesquisa Sobre Definições, Tipos, Aplicações, Métodos de Avaliação e de Construção.” Ciência Da Informação, vol. 32, no. 3, 2003, pp. 7–20, doi:10.1590/S0100-19652003000300002.
Alvarez-Rodríguez, Jose María, et al. “New Trends on E-Procurement Applying Semantic Technologies: Current Status and Future Challenges.” Computers in Industry, vol. 65, no. 5, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 800–20, doi:10.1016/j.compind.2014.04.005.
Apostolou, Dimitris, et al. “Towards a Semantically-Driven Software Engineering Environment for EGovernment.” E-Government: Towards Electronic Democracy, edited by Michael Böhlen et al., vol. 3416, Springer, 2005, pp. 157–68.
Bizer, Christian, et al. “Linked Data-the Story so Far.” International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, 2009, pp. 1–22, doi:10.4018/jswis.2009081901.
Bortolato, Frederico. Ligando Dados Governamentais Abertos: Uma Ontologia Do Processo Legislativo de São Paulo. IPT SP, 2014.
Brochhausen, Mathias, et al. “Towards a Formal Representation of Document Acts and the Resulting Legal Entities.” Foundations of Ontologies, 2013, pp. 120–40.
Bulut, Cevdet, and Benjamin P. C. Yen. “E-Procurement in Public Sector: A Global Overview.” Electronic Government, vol. 10, no. 2, 2013, pp. 189–210, doi:10.1504/EG.2013.052601.
Ça?da?, Volkan, and Erik Stubkjær. “A SKOS Vocabulary for Linked Land Administration: Cadastre and Land Administration Thesaurus.” Land Use Policy, vol. 49, Elsevier Ltd, Dec. 2015, pp. 668–79, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.12.017.
Chevitarese Alves, Marcus Vinicius, and Marcello Peixoto Bax. “Necessity and Feasibility of Adopting LOD Standard by National Congress: A Study in the Context of the Public Budget.” Informação e Sociedade - Estudos, vol. 24, no. 1, UFCG, 2014, pp. 73–94.
Consoli, Sergio, et al. “Producing Linked Data for Smart Cities: The Case of Catania.” Big Data Research, vol. 7, Elsevier Inc., Mar. 2017, pp. 1–15, doi:10.1016/j.bdr.2016.10.001.
Brito, Kellyton dos Santos , et al. “Using Parliamentary Brazilian Open Data to Improve Transparency and Public Participation in Brazil.” Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Dg.o 2014), 2014, doi:10.1145/2612733.2612769.
Du, Jie, and Lina Zhou. “Improving Financial Data Quality Using Ontologies.” Decision Support Systems, vol. 54, no. 1, Elsevier B.V., 2012, pp. 76–86, doi:10.1016/j.dss.2012.04.016.
Fabbri, Sandra, Cleiton Silva, et al. “Improvements in the StArt Tool to Better Support the Systematic Review Process.” Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering - EASE ’16, 2016, doi:10.1145/2915970.2916013.
Fabbri, Sandra, Elis Hernandes, et al. “Using Information Visualization and Text Mining to Facilitate the Conduction of Systematic Literature Reviews.” Enterprise Information Systems, Iceis 2012, 2013.
Façanha, Raquel Lima, and Maria Cláudia Cavalcanti. “On the Road to Bring Government Legacy Systems Data Schemas to Public Access.” 8th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2014), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2014.
Ferneda, Edilson, and Fernando W. Cruz. Ontological Engineering for Public and Private Procurement. 2016.
Fragkou, Pavlina, et al. “Enriching the E-GIF Ontology for an Improved Application of Linking Data Technologies to Greek Open Government Data.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.141.
Freitas, Fred. “Ontologias e a Web Semântica.” Anais Do XXIII Congresso Da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2003, pp. 1–52, doi:10.3395/reciis.v3i1.238pt.
Geiger, Christian P., and Jörn von Lucke. “Open Government and (Linked) (Open) (Government) (Data).” JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, vol. 4, no. 2, 2012, pp. 265–78.
Guarino, Nicola. “Formal Ontology and Information Systems.” Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, vol. 46, no. June, 1998, pp. 3–15, doi:10.1.1.29.1776.
Hendler, James, et al. “US Government Linked Open Data: Semantic.Data.Gov.” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, 2012, pp. 25–31.
Hunter, Jane. “An Ontological Framework to Support Evidence-Based Policy Making Using Global City Indicators.” 2015 IEEE 1st International Smart Cities Conference, ISC2 2015, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015, doi:10.1109/ISC2.2015.7366209.
Krijgsman, Mark, et al. “Social Web Ontology for Public Services.” Case Studies in E-Government 2.0, Springer, 2015, pp. 199–215.
Laudon, Kenneth, and Jane P. Laudon. Sistemas de Informação Gerenciais. 9a ed., Pearson, 2011.
Linders, Dennis. “From E-Government to We-Government: Defining a Typology for Citizen Coproduction in the Age of Social Media.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 4, 2012, pp. 446–54.
Linthicum, David S. Enterprise Application Integration. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000.
Luna-Reyes, Luis Felipe, et al. “Open Government, Open Data and Digital Government.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 1, 2014, pp. 4–5.
Madnick, Stuart, and Hongwei Zhu. “Improving Data Quality through Effective Use of Data Semantics.” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 59, no. 2, 2006, pp. 460–75, doi:10.1016/j.datak.2005.10.001.
Matheus, Ricardo, et al. “Brazil towards Government 2.0: Strategies for Adopting Open Government Data in National and Subnational Governments.” Case Studies in E-Government 2.0: Changing Citizen Relationships, vol. 55, no. 11, 2015, pp. 121–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08081-9_8.
McDermott, Patrice. “Building Open Government.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 4, 2010, pp. 401–13.
Mentzas, Gregoris, and Andreas Friesen. “Semantic Enterprise Application Integration for Business Processes: Service-Oriented Frameworks.” Semantic Enterprise Application Integration for Business Processes: Service-Oriented Frameworks, IGI Global, 2009, doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-804-8.
MP, Ministério do Planejamento Desenvolvimento e Gestão. Estratégia de Governança Digital - EGD. 2016, p. 56.
---. VCGE - Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico. 2016.
Ordiyasa, I. Wayan, et al. “Enhancing Quality of Service for EGovernment Interoperability Based on Adaptive Ontology.” Proceedings - 2016 2nd International Conference on Science and Technology-Computer, ICST 2016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017, pp. 102–07, doi:10.1109/ICSTC.2016.7877356.
Palmirani, Monica, et al. “Pronto: Privacy Ontology for Legal Compliance.” Proceedings of the European Conference on E-Government, ECEG, edited by Andrea K\Ho and Enrico Francesconi, vol. 2018-Octob, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 142–51.
Pinto, Jaime Andrade, and Maurício Barcellos Almeida. “The Role of Controlled Vocabularies in Projects for Electronic Government - An Overview of the Brazilian Context.” CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2228, 2018.
Ramaprasad, Arkalgud, et al. “An Ontology of EGovernment.” Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2015, p. 10, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_20.
Pinto, Jaime Andrade, and Maurício Barcellos Almeida. “Gaps in Local EGovernment Research: An Ontological Analysis.” Twenty-First Americas Conference on Information Systems, Puerto Rico, 2015, 2015.
Ramirez, João P. Righi. Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico (VCGE): Uma Análise Com Base Em Em Critérios Aplicáveis a Taxonomias e Tesauros. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2015.
Ribeiro, Claudio José Silva, and Reinaldo Figueiredo de Almeida. “Dados Abertos Governamentais (Open Government Data): Instrumento Para Exercício de Cidadania Pela Sociedade.” XI ENANCIB - Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa Em Ciência Da Informação, 2011, pp. 2568–80.
Ribeiro, Claudio José Silva, and Durval Vieira Pereira. “A Publicação de Dados Governamentais Abertos: Proposta de Revisão Da Classe Sobre Previdência Social Do Vocabulário Controlado Do Governo Eletrônico.” Transinformacao, 2015, doi:10.1590/0103-37862015000100007.
Ryhanen, Katariina, et al. “Generic Data Models for Semantic E- Government Interoperability: Literature Review.” Innovation and the Public Sector, 2014, pp. 106–19, doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-429-9-106.
Sánchez-Ortiz, Aurora, et al. “Comparative Analysis of E-Gov Services: An Ontology-Based Approach.” International E-Government Development?: Policy, Implementation and Best Practice, edited by Laura Alcaide Muñoz and Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar, Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 19–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63284-1_2.
Santos, Lucas A., et al. “Using an Ontology Network for Data Integration: A Case in the Public Security Domain.” Ontobrás 2018 - XI Seminar on Ontology Research in Brazil, edited by Joel Carbonara et al., 2018, pp. 209–20.
Santoso, Heru Agus, et al. “An Ontological Crawling Approach for Improving Information Aggregation over EGovernment Websites.” Journal of Computer Science, vol. 12, no. 9, Science Publications, 2016, pp. 455–63, doi:10.3844/jcssp.2016.455.463.
Smith, Barry. “How to Do Things with Documents.” Rivista Di Estetica, no. 50, Lexis Sas, 2012, pp. 179–98.
Sommerville, Ian. “Software Engineering (10th Edition).” Pearson Education Limited, 2016.
Van Compernolle, Mathias, et al. “State-of-the-Art Assessment on the Implementations of International Core Data Models for Public Administrations.” 9th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ACM Digital Library, 2016, pp. 327–37, doi:10.1145/2910019.2910027.
Wang, Zhongxiu, and Mark S. Fox. “Expenditure, Revenue and Taxes — Towards a Standard for Representing City Finance Open Data.” 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580847.
Welch, Eric W., et al. “Linking Citizen Satisfaction with E-Government and Trust in Government.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 15, no. 3, 2005, pp. 371–91.
Wijnhoven, Fons, et al. “Open Government Objectives and Participation Motivations.” Government Information Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 1, Elsevier Ltd, 2015, pp. 30–42.
Zamboni, Augusto, et al. “StArt: Uma Ferramenta Computacional de Apoio à Revisão Sistemática.” Salão de Ferramentas. Congresso Brasileiro de Software, 2010, pp. 91–96.
Zuniga, Gloria L. An Ontology Of Economic Objects. Apr. 1999.
Zuniga, Gloria L. “Ontology: Its Transformation from Philosophy to Information Systems.” Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Collected Papers from the Second International Conference, 2001.
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How to Cite
Pinto, Jaime Andrade, and Maurício Barcellos Almeida. “Public Ontologies about Electronic Government: A Systematic Literature Review”. Brazilian Journal of Information Science: Research Trends, vol. 14, no. 3 - jul-set, Aug. 2020, p. e020003, https://doi.org/10.36311/1940-1640.2020.v14n3.10105.
