Between Contention and Engagement: US response to China’s rise in the Obama and Trump administrations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n3.07.p544Palavras-chave:
China's Rise, Contention, Engagement, International Liberal OrderResumo
O artigo objetiva avaliar como os Estados Unidos têm gerenciado a ascensão da China e as atuais mudanças na ordem liberal internacional. Argumenta-se que a estratégia dos Estados Unidos para a China tem se aproximado crescentemente da contenção em detrimento do engajamento. Os dois principais objetivos do artigo são, primeiramente, tratar a questão em um quadro teórico e, a seguir, fazer uma consideração empírica do problema. Para isso, o artigo compara as abordagens realista de contenção e liberal de engajamento e as contrasta com as políticas externas das administrações Obama e Trump para a China. Para esse fim, o artigo analisa as Estratégias Nacionais de Segurança de ambos os governos, utilizando o método de análise de conteúdo. Isso possibilita uma avaliação teórica e empírica da política americana em relação à ascensão de Pequim e aos desafios da ordem liberal na última década. O resultado principal da pesquisa é que a ascensão da China e as ameaças à hegemonia dos Estados Unidos têm sido preocupações prioritárias desde o governo Obama. O que mudou com Trump no poder, no entanto, foram os meios empregados para lidar com tais questões, com a mudança de uma retórica de engajamento para a reivindicação explícita pela contenção. Com base nisso, o artigo conclui que tal mudança de postura em relação a Pequim e o recuo de Washington da arena global podem em realidade aprofundar os desafios à hegemonia estadunidense em vez de solucioná-los.
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