PRE-COMPETITIVE ANXIETY IN SITTING VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2674-8681.2023.v24n2.p234-247Keywords:
Adapted motor activity, Anxiety, Sitting volleyball, Paralympic sport, Psychological assessmentAbstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a rise in athletes with disabilities competing in adapted sports. This trend has led to improvements in sports performance and new requirements for athletes' preparation. In addition to physical, technical, and tactical training, it is also important to consider the psychological factors that affect athletes during the preparation process. Managing the demands and pressures inherent in competitions is crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety in male athletes who practice sitting volleyball. Participants included 11 male athletes with an average age of 37,6 years (± 8,07 years) and an average experience of 4,18 years (± 3,06 years) in the sport. They completed an assessment protocol consisting of three instruments, including a demographic data identification form, the Competitive Trait Anxiety Scale (SCAT), and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) questionnaires. The results showed that the athletes had medium and low levels of trait anxiety, cognitive state anxiety, and self-confidence, but individual scores revealed that some athletes had high levels of trait anxiety and cognitive and somatic state anxiety. As competition periods approach, changes in these parameters may occur, so it is recommended to implement psychological preparation in training.
Over the past few decades, there has been a rise in athletes with disabilities competing in adapted sports. This trend has led to improvements in sports performance and new requirements for athletes' preparation. In addition to physical, technical, and tactical training, it is also important to consider the psychological factors that affect athletes during the preparation process. Managing the demands and pressures inherent in competitions is crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety in male athletes who practice sitting volleyball. Participants included 11 male athletes with an average age of 37,6 years (± 8,07 years) and an average experience of 4,18 years (± 3,06 years) in the sport. They completed an assessment protocol consisting of three instruments, including a demographic data identification form, the Competitive Trait Anxiety Scale (SCAT), and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) questionnaires. The results showed that the athletes had medium and low levels of trait anxiety, cognitive state anxiety, and self-confidence, but individual scores revealed that some athletes had high levels of trait anxiety and cognitive and somatic state anxiety. As competition periods approach, changes in these parameters may occur, so it is recommended to implement psychological preparation in training.
Received: 2023/10/05
Reformulated: 2023/11/21
Accepted: 2023/11/21
Downloads
References
ANDERSEN, T. R.; SCHMIDT, J. F.; NIELSEN, J. J.; RANDERS, M. B.; SUNDSTRUP, E.; JAKOBSEN, M. D.; ANDERSEN, L. L.; SUETTA, C.; AAGAARD, P.; BANGSBO, P.; KRUSTRUO, P. Effect of football or strength training on functional ability and physical performance in untrained old men. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science Sports, v. 24, n. 1, p. 76–85, 2014.
BAWDEN, M. Providing Sport Psychology Support for Athletes with Disabilities. In: DOSIL, J. The Sport Psychologist’s Handbook: A guide for sport‐specific performance enhancement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: West Sussex, 2006, p.665-683.
BLAUWET, C.; WILLICK, S.E. The Paralympic Movement: using sports to promote health, disability rights, and social integration for athletes with disabilities. PM&R, v.4, n.11, p.851-856, 2012.
BODAS, A. R., LÁZARO, J. P.; FERNANDES, H. M. Perfil psicológico de prestação dos atletas paralímpicos Atenas 2007. Motricidade, v. 3, n. 3, 33-43, 2007.
CAMPBELL, E.; JONES, G Precompetition anxiety and self-confidence in wheelchair sport participants. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, v.14, p.95-107, 1997.
CARVALHO, C. L.; GORLA, J. I.; ARAÚJO, P. F. Voleibol sentado: do conhecimento à iniciação da prática. Conexões: revista da Faculdade de Educação Física da UNICAMP, v.11, n.2, p. 97-126, 2013.
CASTELO, T. B.; PEREIRA, R. Avaliação de estado e traço de ansiedade em paratletas de rugby em cadeira de rodas. Revista Brasileira de Reabilitação e Atividade Física, v.11, n.1, p. 11-23, jul. 2022.
CHENG, W. N. K.; HARDY, L. MARKLAND, D. Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, v. 10, n. 2, p. 271–278, 2009.
COELHO, E. M.; VASCONCELOS-RAPOSO, J.; MAHL, A. C. Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the Brazilian Version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, v.13, n.1, p. 453– 460, 2010.
COX, R. H.; MARTENS, M. P.; RUSSELL, W. D. Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, v. 25, n. 4, p. 519-533, 2003.
DANTAS, J. A. G. Voleibol Sentado. In: WINCKLER, C. Pedagogia do Paradesporto. Santos, SP: Ed. do Autor, 2023.
DE ROSE JÚNIOR, D. Influência do grau de ansiedade-traço no aproveitamento de lances-livres. Dissertação de Mestrado. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo – Escola de Educação Física, 1985.
FERREIRA, J. P. L., CHATZISAIZANTIS, N., GASPAR, P. M.; CAMPOS, M. J. Precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence in athletes with disability. Perceptual and Motor Skills, v. 105, n. 1, p. 339-346, 2007.
FORTES, L. S.; COSTA, B. D. V.; PAES, P. P.; NASCIMENTO-JÚNIOR, J. R. A.; VIEIRA, L. F.; FERREIRA, M. E. C. (2017). Influence of competitive-anxiety on heart rate variability in swimmers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, v.16, n. 4, p. 498-504, 2017.
GALLI, N.; GONZALEZ, S.P. Psychological resilience in sport: A review of the literature and implications for research and practice. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, v. 13, p. 243-257, 2015.
GONÇALVES, G. A.; VILAÇA, R. C. P.; PAIXÃO, T. J.; PEREIRA, B. M.; BICALHO, C. C. F.; LAURIA, A. A.; OLIVEIRA, J. R. V.; LÔBO, I. L. B. Perfil de ansiedade-traço em atletas praticantes de esportes adaptados em Minas Gerais. Revista Saúde, Corpo e Movimento, 2023.
GONÇALVES, M. P.; BELO, R. P. Ansiedade-traço competitiva: diferenças quanto ao gênero, faixa etária, experiência em competições e modalidade esportiva em jovens atletas. Psico-USF, v.12, n.2, p. 301-307, 2007.
GORLA, J. I.; SILVA, A. A. C.; CAMPOS, L. F. C. C.; SANTOS, C. F.; ALMEIDA, J. J. G.; DUARTE, E.; QUEIROGA, M. R. Composição corporal e perfil somatotípico de atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de 5. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, v. 39, n. 1, p. 79–84, 2017.
HANTON, S.; THOMAS, O.; MELLALIEU, S. D. Management of Competitive Stress in Elite Sport. In: Sport Psychology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p. 30–42.
HARDY, L.; BEATTIE, S.; WOODMAN, T. Anxiety-induced performance catastrophes: Investigating effort required as an asymmetry factor. British Journal of Psychology, v. 98, p. 15-31, 2007.
INTERDONATO, G. C.; OLIVEIRA, A. R.; JÚNIOR, C. C. L.; GREGUOL, M. Análise da ansiedade traço competitiva em jovens atletas. Conexões, v.8, n. 3, p1-9, 2010.
LEGG, D. P. Paralympic Games history and legacy of a global movement. Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Clinics, 2018.
LÔBO, I. L. B; MORAES, L. C. C. A.; DA SILVA, L. A.; FERREIRA, R. M.; RICALDONI, H. Ansiedade-traço em nadadores paraolímpicos: Um estudo comparativo. Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física, v. 8, n. 1, p. 71-78, 2009.
MARAVIESKI, A. L. M; CALEGARI, D. R.; GORLA, J. I. Níveis de ansiedade-traço pré-competitiva dos atletas com deficiência do basquetebol em cadeira de rodas no campeonato parense. EfDeportes Revista Digital, ano 11, n. 106, 2007.
MARTENS, R. Sport Competition Anxiety Test. Champaing: Human Kinetics, 1977.
MARTIN, J. J. Athletes with physical disabilities. Routledge Handbook of Applied Sport Psychology, 1, 432–440, 2010.
MARTENS, R.; BURTON, D.; VEALEY, R. BUMP, L.; SMITH, D. Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 (CSAI-2). In: MARTENS, R.; VEALEY, R. S.; BURTON, D.(org.). Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1990. p. 117–213.
MAUERBERG-DECASTRO, E.; CAMPBELL, D. F.; TAVARES, C. P. The global reality of the Paralympic Movement: Challenges and opportunities in disability sports. Motriz, Rio Claro, v.22 n.3, p. 111-123, 2016.
MORAES, L.C. Ansiedade e desempenho no esporte. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento, v. 4, n. 2, p. 51-56, 1990.
MORAES, L. C.; SIMIM, M.; LÔBO, I. L. B, FERREIRA, R. M. Ansiedade pré-competitica em atletas de futebol amputados. Lecturas: Educación física y deportes, v. 15, n. 144, 2010.
NUNES, N. Avaliação da percepção de estresse e recuperação, da ansiedade e das concentrações de cortisol em atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de sete paralímpica. 77 f. Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2017.
NOCE, F.; SAMULSKI, D. M. Análise do estresse psíquico em atacantes no voleibol de alto nível. Revista Paulista de Educação Física, [S. l.], 2002.
PARSONS, A.; WINCKLER, C. Esporte e a pessoa com deficiência: contexto histórico. In: MELLO, M. T.; WINCKLER, C. Esporte Paralímpico. Ed. Atheneu, 2012.
PATEL, D. R., OMAR, H., TERRY, M. Sport-related performance anxiety in young female athletes. Pediatric Adolescence Gynecology, v. 23, n. 3, p. 325-335, 2010.
PINTO, G. M. C.; CANTORANI, J. R. H.; PEDROSO, B.; PICININ, C, T.;
PILATTI, L. A. Desempenho olímpico e paralímpico: uma análise comparativa entre países nos jogos Rio-2016. Conexões, v. 15, n. 3, p. 319, 2017.
ROSA, J. P.; SILVA, A., RODRIGUES, D. F.; MESLIN, R.; ARAÚJO, L. T., VITAL, R. TUFIK, S.; STIELER, E.; MELLO, M. T. Association between Hormonal Status, Stress, Recovery, and Motivation of Paralympic Swimmers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2020.
SANTOS, A. R. M.; LOFRANO-PRADO, M. C.; MOURA, P. V.; SILVA, E. A. P. C.; LEÃO, A. C. C.; FREITAS, C. M. S. M. Ansiedade pré-competitiva em jovens atletas de nado sincronizado: uma análise à luz dos aspectos emocionais. Revista da Educação Física/UEM, v. 24, n. 2, p. 207-214, 2013.
SMITH, R.E. Advances in cognitive-social personality Theory: Applications to sport Psychology. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, v. 17, p. 253-276, 2008.
SMOLL, F. L.; SMITH, R. E.; CUMMING, S. P. Effects of Coach and Parent Training on Performance Anxiety in Young Athletes: A Systemic Approach. Journal of Youth Development, v. 2, n. 1, p. 19–36, 2007.
TEIXEIRA, C. L. Análise da Ansiedade-estado pré-competitiva em atletas adolescentes de futsal Maringá. Maringá: UEM, 1994. 55p. Monografia (Graduação em Educação Física) Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 1994.
WEINBERG, R.; GOULD, D. Fundamentos da psicologia do esporte e do exercício. 6a ed. São Paulo: Artmed, 2017.
WHITE, R.L.; BENNIE, A. Resilience in youth sport: A qualitative investigation of gymnastics coach and athlete perceptions. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, v. 10, p.379-393, 2015.
WORLD PARAVOLLEY. Sitting Volleyball Rankings. Rolling World Ranking, 16 de Janeiro de 2023. Disponível em: https://www.worldparavolley.org/sitting-volleyball-rankings/ Acesso em 31 de agosto de 2023.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-12-14 (2)
- 2023-11-28 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR ADAPTED MOTOR ACTIVITY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
