ÉTICA E MODOS DE LER O TRACTATUS DE WITTGENSTEIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/1984-8900.2020.v12n31.p383-408Palavras-chave:
Wittgenstein, Ética, Leitura tradicional, Leitura resoluta, Dizer e mostrarResumo
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir algumas implicações que as leituras tradicional e resoluta têm para a compreensão do lugar da ética no Tractatus logico-philosophicus (TLP). A leitura tradicional afirma que Wittgenstein postula a existência de verdades necessárias que não podem ser ditas, apenas mostradas. A leitura resoluta rejeita essa atribuição. Ela sustenta uma concepção austera de contrassenso, segundo a qual nada de realmente importante é mostrado. A questão de saber o que é contrassenso e o que só pode ser mostrado surge naturalmente nesse debate. Os dois pontos estão intimamente relacionados com a concepção de ética sustentada no TLP. Nesse contexto, tentaremos afirmar que ambas as leituras parecem levar a implicações incompatíveis com essa concepção. A leitura tradicional ao introduzir uma ideia de necessidade alheia ao TLP e a leitura resoluta, ao apagar a distinção entre dizer e mostrar.
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Referências
ARRINGTON, R. L. Wittgenstein and Ethics. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. 1. ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 605–611.
CHRISTENSEN, A.-M. S. Wittgenstein and ethics. In: MCGINN, M.; KUUSELA, O. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 796–818.
CONANT, J. Must we show what we cannot say? In: FLEMMING, R.; PAYNE, M. (Eds.). The Senses of Stanley Cavell. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1989. p. 242–283.
DAIN, E. Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. In: AGAM-SEGAL, R.; DAIN, E. (Eds.). Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. New York: Routledge, 2018. p. 9–35.
DALL’AGNOL, D. What we cannot say, we can and must speak about. In: MAREK, J. C.; REICHER, M. E. (Eds.). Experience and Analysis: Papers of the 27th International Wittgenstein Symposium. Kirchberg am Wechsel: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, 2004. p. 89–91.
______. Ética e Linguagem: uma introdução ao Tractatus de Wittgenstein. 3. ed. Florianópolis, São Leopoldo: Ed. da UFSC, Editora Unisinos, 2005.
DE GAYNESFORD, M. Wittgenstein on I and the self. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Blackwell, 2017. p. 478–490.
DIAMOND, C. The Realistic Spirit: Wittgenstein, Philosophy and the Mind. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press, 1995.
______. ETHICS, IMAGINATION AND THE METHOD OF WITTGENSTEIN’S TRACTATUS. In: CRARY, A.; READ, R. (Eds.). The new Wittgenstein. 1. ed. London: Routledge, 2001. p. 149–173.
ENGELMANN, M. L. Instructions for Climbing the Ladder (The Minimalism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus). Philosophical Investigations, Oxford, v. 41, n. 4, p. 446–470, 2018a.
______. What Does It Take To Climb the Ladder? (a Sideways Approach). Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia, Belo Horizonte, v. 59, n. 140, p. 591–611, 2018b.
GLOCK, H.-J. Dicionário Wittgenstein. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 1998.
______. J. Philosophy and Philosophical Method. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. 1. ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 231–251.
HACKER, P. M. S. Insight and Illusion: Themes in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein (Revised Edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
______. Was he trying to whistle it? In: CRARY, A.; READ, R. (Eds.). The new Wittgenstein. London: Routledge, 2001a. p. 353–390.
______. Wittgenstein: Connections and Controversies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001b.
______. Metaphysics: From Ineffability to Normativity. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. 1. ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 207–227.
HUTTO, D. D. Wittgenstein and the end of philosophy: Neither theory nor therapy. London: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2003.
ICZKOVITS, Y. Wittgenstein’s Ethical Thought. Basingstoke: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2012.
IRVINE, A. Bertrand Russell’s Logic. In: GABBAY, D. M.; WOODS, J. (Eds.). Handbook of the History of Logic, vol.5. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2009. p. 1–29.
KUUSELA, O. The development of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. In: MCGINN, M.; KUUSELA, O. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
______. Wittgenstein, Ethics and Philosophical Clarification. In: AGAM-SEGAL, R.; DAIN, E. (Eds.). Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. New York: Routledge, 2018. p. 37–65.
LOOMIS, E. Necessity and Apriority. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 346–358.
MONK, R. Wittgenstein: o dever do gênio. Traducao Carlos Afonso Malferrari. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1995.
RUSSELL, B. Introduc?a?o a? Filosofia Matema?tica. Traducao Giasone Rebuá. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1981.
______. Principles of Mathematics. London: Routledge, 2010.
SATTLER, J. Moral Judgments as Part of What Ethics Must Show. (E. Nemeth, R. Heinrich, W. Pichler, Eds.). Experience and Analysis: Papers of the 33th International Wittgenstein Symposium. Kirchberg am Wechsel: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, 2010. Disponível em: http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agoraalws/article/view/2840/3404
______. A ética estóica do Tractatus de Wittgenstein. In: DALL’AGNOL, D.; FATTURI, A.; SATTLER, J. (Eds.). Wittgenstein em retrospectiva. 1. ed. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 2012. p. 49–66.
______. Wittgenstein’ s Lecture on Ethics?: Personal Expressions and Moral Commitment. O que nos faz pensar, Rio de Janeiro, v. 22, n. 33, p. 185–204, 2013.
______. L’Éthique du Tractatus: non-sens, stoïcisme et le sens de la vie. Pelotas: NEPFIL online, 2014.
TECHIO, J. Solipsism and the Limits of Sense in the Tractatus. Philosophical Topics, Arkansas, v. 42, n. 2, p. 339–369, 2014.
WHITE, R. M. Logic and The Tractatus. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 293–304.
WITTGENSTEIN, L. The Collected Works of Ludwig Wittgenstein: Notebooks 1914- 1916. Traducao G. E. M Anscombe. 2. ed. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1998.
______. Wittgenstein in Cambridge?: letters and documents, 1911-1951. 4. ed. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2008.
______. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Traducao Luiz Henrique Lopes Dos Santos. 3. ed. São Paulo: Edusp, 2017a.
______. Conferência sobre Ética. Traducao António Marques. 1. ed. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2017b.
CHRISTENSEN, A.-M. S. Wittgenstein and ethics. In: MCGINN, M.; KUUSELA, O. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 796–818.
CONANT, J. Must we show what we cannot say? In: FLEMMING, R.; PAYNE, M. (Eds.). The Senses of Stanley Cavell. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1989. p. 242–283.
DAIN, E. Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. In: AGAM-SEGAL, R.; DAIN, E. (Eds.). Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. New York: Routledge, 2018. p. 9–35.
DALL’AGNOL, D. What we cannot say, we can and must speak about. In: MAREK, J. C.; REICHER, M. E. (Eds.). Experience and Analysis: Papers of the 27th International Wittgenstein Symposium. Kirchberg am Wechsel: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, 2004. p. 89–91.
______. Ética e Linguagem: uma introdução ao Tractatus de Wittgenstein. 3. ed. Florianópolis, São Leopoldo: Ed. da UFSC, Editora Unisinos, 2005.
DE GAYNESFORD, M. Wittgenstein on I and the self. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Blackwell, 2017. p. 478–490.
DIAMOND, C. The Realistic Spirit: Wittgenstein, Philosophy and the Mind. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press, 1995.
______. ETHICS, IMAGINATION AND THE METHOD OF WITTGENSTEIN’S TRACTATUS. In: CRARY, A.; READ, R. (Eds.). The new Wittgenstein. 1. ed. London: Routledge, 2001. p. 149–173.
ENGELMANN, M. L. Instructions for Climbing the Ladder (The Minimalism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus). Philosophical Investigations, Oxford, v. 41, n. 4, p. 446–470, 2018a.
______. What Does It Take To Climb the Ladder? (a Sideways Approach). Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia, Belo Horizonte, v. 59, n. 140, p. 591–611, 2018b.
GLOCK, H.-J. Dicionário Wittgenstein. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 1998.
______. J. Philosophy and Philosophical Method. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. 1. ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 231–251.
HACKER, P. M. S. Insight and Illusion: Themes in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein (Revised Edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
______. Was he trying to whistle it? In: CRARY, A.; READ, R. (Eds.). The new Wittgenstein. London: Routledge, 2001a. p. 353–390.
______. Wittgenstein: Connections and Controversies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001b.
______. Metaphysics: From Ineffability to Normativity. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. 1. ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 207–227.
HUTTO, D. D. Wittgenstein and the end of philosophy: Neither theory nor therapy. London: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2003.
ICZKOVITS, Y. Wittgenstein’s Ethical Thought. Basingstoke: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2012.
IRVINE, A. Bertrand Russell’s Logic. In: GABBAY, D. M.; WOODS, J. (Eds.). Handbook of the History of Logic, vol.5. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2009. p. 1–29.
KUUSELA, O. The development of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. In: MCGINN, M.; KUUSELA, O. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
______. Wittgenstein, Ethics and Philosophical Clarification. In: AGAM-SEGAL, R.; DAIN, E. (Eds.). Wittgenstein’s Moral Thought. New York: Routledge, 2018. p. 37–65.
LOOMIS, E. Necessity and Apriority. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 346–358.
MONK, R. Wittgenstein: o dever do gênio. Traducao Carlos Afonso Malferrari. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1995.
RUSSELL, B. Introduc?a?o a? Filosofia Matema?tica. Traducao Giasone Rebuá. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1981.
______. Principles of Mathematics. London: Routledge, 2010.
SATTLER, J. Moral Judgments as Part of What Ethics Must Show. (E. Nemeth, R. Heinrich, W. Pichler, Eds.). Experience and Analysis: Papers of the 33th International Wittgenstein Symposium. Kirchberg am Wechsel: Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, 2010. Disponível em: http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agoraalws/article/view/2840/3404
______. A ética estóica do Tractatus de Wittgenstein. In: DALL’AGNOL, D.; FATTURI, A.; SATTLER, J. (Eds.). Wittgenstein em retrospectiva. 1. ed. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 2012. p. 49–66.
______. Wittgenstein’ s Lecture on Ethics?: Personal Expressions and Moral Commitment. O que nos faz pensar, Rio de Janeiro, v. 22, n. 33, p. 185–204, 2013.
______. L’Éthique du Tractatus: non-sens, stoïcisme et le sens de la vie. Pelotas: NEPFIL online, 2014.
TECHIO, J. Solipsism and the Limits of Sense in the Tractatus. Philosophical Topics, Arkansas, v. 42, n. 2, p. 339–369, 2014.
WHITE, R. M. Logic and The Tractatus. In: GLOCK, H.-J.; HYMAN, J. (Eds.). A companion to Wittgenstein. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. p. 293–304.
WITTGENSTEIN, L. The Collected Works of Ludwig Wittgenstein: Notebooks 1914- 1916. Traducao G. E. M Anscombe. 2. ed. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1998.
______. Wittgenstein in Cambridge?: letters and documents, 1911-1951. 4. ed. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2008.
______. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Traducao Luiz Henrique Lopes Dos Santos. 3. ed. São Paulo: Edusp, 2017a.
______. Conferência sobre Ética. Traducao António Marques. 1. ed. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2017b.
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2020-07-21
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