The German hegemony in the European Union: European Economic Integration as an Asymmetric Regime
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n2.p298-329Palabras clave:
Hegemony, International Cooperation, International Regimes, Germany, European Union, Economic Integration., Economic Integration, European Union, Germany, International Regimes, Hegemony, International CooperationResumen
In this paper we intend to analyze the hegemonic position of Germany within the European Union, examining, from a historical perspective, the process of economic integration of the continent, highlighting the haggling process among its Member States and the emergence of power relations among those. Primordially, the economic relations among the States and the circumstances that led European States to pursue the international cooperation, in order to build an international regime, will be analyzed, considering whether such an asymmetrical arrangement. In view of this, the present work has been organized into three sections and a conclusion where we state our opinion on the subject and point out suggestions and referrals on the theme.
Recebido em: agosto/2019.
Aprovado em: agosto/2020.
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AXELROD, Robert. The Evolution of Cooperation. Nova York : Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1984.
_______________ and KEOHANE, Robert O.. Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions. World Politics, Vol. 38, Issue 1, pp. 226-254, Out/1985.
BALDWIN, David A. Interdependence and Power: A Conceptual Analysis? International Organizations. Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 471-506, Set/1980.
BALDWIN, Richard and WYPLOSZ, Charles. The Economics of European Integration. 3rd Edition. New York : McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009.
BLANCHARD, Jean-Marc F. Measuring Economic Interdependence: A Geopolitical Perspective? Geopolitical and International Boundaries. Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 255-246, Out/2007.
BRAUN. H. J.. The German Economy in the Twentieth Century: The German Reich and the Federal Republic. London : Routledge, 1990.
CLEMENS, Gabriele et al. Geschichte der Europäischen Integration. Paderborn : Ferdinand Schöningh GmbH, 2008.
COHEN, Benjamin. Organizing the World's Money: The Political Economy of International Monetary Relations. London : The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1977.
COOPER, Richard N.. Trade Policy is Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy. Volume 9, pp. 18-36, Dez/1972.
DEDMAN, Martin J.. The Origin and Development of the European Union 1945-2008: A History of European Integration. 2nd Edition. New York : Routledge, 2010.
DINAN, Desmona Europe Recast: A History of European Union. 2nd Edition. Colorado : Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2014.
EICHENGREEN, Barry. The European Economy Since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyona New Jersey : Princeton University Press, 2007.
___________________. A Globalização do Capital: Uma História do Sistema Monetário Internacional. São Paulo : Editora 34, 2012.
ETTE, John Umo. The Impact of Economic Integration within the European Union as a Factor in Conflict Transformation and Peace-Building. 86 fls. 2014. Master Thesis. Portland State University. Portland, 09/07/2014.
FEARON, James D. Bargaing, Enforcement and International Cooperation. International Organization, Volume 52, Issue 2, pp. 269-305, Mar/1998.
FLASSBECK, Heiner. 66 starke Thesen zum Euro, zur Wirtschaftspolitik und zum deutschen Wesen. Frankfurt : Westend, 2014.
________________ e LAPAVITSAS, Costas. Nur Deutschland kann den Euro retten: Der letzte Akt beginnt. Frankfurt : Westend, 2015.
GALBRAITH, James K., HOLLAND, Stuart and VAROUFAKIS, Yanis. Proposta Modesta para Resolver a Crise do Euro. Afragide : Lua de Papel, 2014.
GILDEA, Robert. France since 1945. New York : Oxford University Press Inc., 2002.
GILLINGHAM, John. European Integration, 1950-2003: Superstate or New Market Economy? Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
GOLDSTEIN, Joshua and PEVEHOUSE, Jon C. International Relations. 10th Edition. New Jersey : Pearson Education, 2014.
GOMEZ, David Matesanz et al.. Measuring Global Economic Interdependence: A Hierarchical Network Approach. The World Economy. Volume 36, Issue 12, pp. 1632-1648, Dez/2013.
GOUGH, Barry. Defining Pax Britannica. In: GOUGH, Barry. Pax Britannica: Ruling the Waves and Keeping the Peace Before Armagedon. Nova York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
GUTOWITZ, William e ROSECRANE, Richard. Measuring Interdependence: A Rejoinder. International Organizations. Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 553-556, Jun/1981.
HOBSON, John M. The State and International Relations. Nova York : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
_______________. The Dark side of British Industrialisation and the Myth of Laissez-Faire: War, Racist Imperialism and the Afro-Asian Origins of Industrialisation. In: HOBSON, John M. The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. Nova York : Cambridge University Press, 2004.
KAELBERER, Matthias. Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation. New York : State University of New York Press, 2001.
KALTENHALER, Karl. Germany and the Politics of Europe’s Money. London : Duke University Press, 1998.
KATZENSTEIN, Peter J. (Org). Tamed Power: Germany in Europe. New York : Cornell University Press, 1997.
KAUFMAN, Leonard e ROUSSEEUW, Peter J. Agglomerative Nesting (Program Agnes). In: KAUFMAN, Leonard e ROUSSEEUW, Peter J. Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. Nova Jersey : John Willey & Sons, Inc., 1990.
KENNEN, Peter B. The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas: An Eclectic View. In: MUNDELL, Robert A. and SWOBODA, Alexander K.. Monetary Problems of the International Economy. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1969.
KEOHANE, Robert O.. The Demand for International Regimes. In: KRASNER, Stephen (Org.) International Regimes. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1983.
________________ After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Nova Jersey : Princeton University Press, 1984.
________________ and NYE, Joseph. Power and Interdependence. 4th Edition. New York : Pearson Education, 2012.
KIERNAN, Victor G. Two Strides to World Power. In KIERNAN, Victor G.. America – The New Imperialism: From White Settlement to World Hegemony. 2nd Edition. New York : Verso, 2005.
KRASNER, Stephen. Structural Causes and Regimes Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. In: KRASNER, Stephen (Org.) International Regimes. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1983.
KUNDNANI, Hans. The Paradox of German Power. New York : Oxford University Press, 2015.
MAGNIFICO, Giovanni. European Monetary Unification for Balance Growth: A New Approach. Essays in International Finance. Volume 88, 39 pp., 1971.
MARCO, Manuel Sanchis. The Economics of the Monetary Union and the Eurozone Crisis. New York : Springer International Publishing, 2013.
MASTROPASQUA, Cristina et al. Interventions, Sterilisation and Monetary Policy in European Monetary System Countries, 1979-87. In: GIAVAZZI, Francesco, MICOSSI, Stefano and MILLER, Marcus. The European Monetary System. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1988.
MILWARD, Alan. The European Rescue of the Nation-State. 2nd Edition. London : Routledge, 2000.
______________. The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945-51. London : Routledge, 1984.
MORAVCSIK, Andrew. The Choice For Europe: Social Purpose & State Power From Messina to Maastricht. New York : Cornell University Press, 1998.
MUNDELL, Robert A. The Monetary of International Adjustment Under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Volume 74. Issue 2, pp. 227-257, Mai/1960.
________________. The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy for Internal and External Stability. Staff Papers – International Monetary Funa Volume 9, Issue 1, pp. 70-79, Mar/1962.
________________. International Economics. New York : Macmillan, 1968.
NEWMAN, Abraham. The Reluctant Leader: Germany’s Euro Experience and the Long Shadow of Reunification. In: MATTHIJS, Matthias and BLYTH, Mark. The Future of the Euro. New York : Oxford University Press, 2015.
SINN, Hans-Werner. Der Euro: Von der Friedensidee zum Zankapfel. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2015.
STEIN, Arthur. Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World. In: KRASNER, Stephen (Org.) International Regimes. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1983.
THIMANN, Christiann. Die Bedeutung der Wettbewerbsfähikeit auf dem Weg aus der Krise im Eurogebiet. Perspektiven der Wirtschaftpolitik,
VAN ZANDEN, Jan L.. The Economic History of the Netherlands: A Small Open Economy in the ‘long’ Twentieth Century. New York : Routledge, 1998.
VAUBEL, Rolana Real Exchange Rate Changes in the European Community: The Empirical Evidence and its Implications for European Currency Unification. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv. Volume 112, Issue 3, pp. 429-470, Set/1976.
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2020-09-07
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ALMEIDA SILVA, Everton; RACY, Joaquim Carlos. The German hegemony in the European Union: European Economic Integration as an Asymmetric Regime. Revista Brasileña de Relaciones Internacionales, Marília, SP, v. 9, n. 2, p. 298–329, 2020. DOI: 10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n2.p298-329. Disponível em: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/bjir/article/view/9162.. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.
