What comes before the integration theories?
The idea of international integration in the 19th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n3.p625-654Keywords:
Regional Integration, Intellectual Influences, Security, Scale, Social StabilityAbstract
The study is an initial exploratory effort to verify if there are common aspects in the main instruments of international integration as a political project during the 19th century and if there is, therefore, a capacity for abstraction and generalization of these ideas for dialogue with the field of study of Integration Theories. It started from the research question: what are the objectives of the main international integration projects in the 19th century? The hypothesis is that the main international integration projects in the 19th century defended it as a political project to achieve the stability and prosperity of its units through the search for (i) internal and external security, (ii) economic scale and (iii) social stability. Analyticism is used as methodology (Jackson, 2011). As a method, primary source analysis (that is, the original works of the selected authors: Saint-Simon, Símon Bolivar, Victor Hugo and Eduard Bernstein) and systematic literature review is used. It is concluded that the three listed spheres are interdependent and are the pillars of the idea of international integration in the 19th century. This allow the construction of an analysis model that takes into account the motivation behind the integration and not only its process or its final condition as Integration Theories do. It contributes, therefore, to the debate of why independent political entities cooperate - which can help in the current debates about the crisis in multilateral institutions.
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