Poder material e poder imaterial da Arábia Saudita
o posicionamento do Reino no Oriente Médio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n3.p655-681Palavras-chave:
Arábia Saudita, Poder Material, Poder ImaterialResumo
Este artigo trabalha com a centralidade do conceito de poder, um conceito extremamente complexo e de diversas interpretações. Ao estabelecer como objetivo central a análise das bases do poder da Arábia Saudita, as quais propiciam ao país status de relevância no Oriente Médio, faz-se necessário lidar com o conceito de poder em sua completude, dando abertura ao diálogo entre duas abordagens teóricas que se adaptam a esta divisão dicotômica de poder: realismo e liberalismo. Assim, as perguntas interrelacionadas que norteiam a pesquisa são: como se organizam os poderes material e imaterial da Arábia Saudita, propiciando um posicionamento de relevância na região? Há sobressalência de algum destes poderes no reino saudita? Para responder às perguntas, a metodologia inclui a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental de fontes estatísticas, para alcançar o objetivo traçado no estudo de caso da Arábia Saudita. Em termos materiais, operacionaliza-se a análise por meio da população absoluta, do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), dos gastos militares e do tamanho das forças armadas como variáveis palpáveis e mensuráveis. Já por poder imaterial, refere-se a variáveis mais subjetivas, operacionalizadas por meio da avaliação da legitimidade e credibilidade do governo. A utilização de ambas as facetas do poder, como suporte uma para a outra, propiciou à Arábia Saudita o status de potência na região. Nesse sentido, percebe-se que não há sobressalência de nenhuma forma de poder; a soma e a complementariedade de ambas é fundamental para o seu posicionamento no Oriente Médio
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