Brazil-USA relations from Tiradentes to Barão do Rio Branco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2017.v6n1.04.p37Palavras-chave:
Brazil-USA relationsResumo
The Baron of Rio Branco is popularly known as the greatest diplomat in Brazil's history. In the literature on Brazilian Foreign Policy, the Baron is seen (along with Joaquim Nabuco) as the founder of Americanism, a foreign policy paradigm in which bilateral relations with the United States were privileged within the Brazilian diplomatic agenda. This paradigm has been adopted with little opposition by the Foreign Ministry until the 1950s, when it was gradually replaced by a globalist paradigm that defines the Brazilian foreign policy since. Without completely denying this now traditional perspective, this article makes a brief assessment of relations between Brazil and the United States in the 19th century, ie before the Baron became foreign minister of Brazil. What is observed is that Brazil and the United States had peaceful, although distant, relations during most of the 19th century. This scenario, however, went through significant changes at the end of the century. Thus, it is important to note that the Baron and Nabucco have not created a new paradigm without any precedent. The analysis provided here is intended to help better consider the role of the Baron and Nabucco in the history of Brazilian foreign policy, particularly in relations between Brazil and the United States.
Keywords: Baron of Rio Branco; Joaquim Nabuco; Brazil-USA relations.
Recebido em: outubro/2016;
Aprovado em: abril/2017.
Downloads
Referências
BARMAN, Roderick. Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
BEISNER, Robert L.. From the Old Diplomacy to the New, 1865–1900. 2nd ed. Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1986.
Blaine and Pan Americanism, 1880s/1890s, in http://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/Blaine. Acess on January 28, 2013.
BOCAIÚVA, Quintino. “Manifesto Republicano de 1870”. In.: Idéias Políticas de Quintino Bocaiúva. Rio de Janeiro, Casa de Rui Barbosa, 1986.
BUENO, C. & CERVO, A . História da Política Exterior do Brasil. 2. Ed. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2002.
BURNS, E. Bradford. A aliança não escrita: O Barão do Rio Branco e as relações Brasil-EUA. Brasília: Funag, 2003.
CARVALHO, José Murilo de. Dom Pedro II. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007.
DORATIOTO, Francisco. Maldita guerra: nova história da Guerra do Paraguai. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002.
EAKIN, Marshall C. Brazil: The Once and Future Country. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.
EAKIN, Marshall C. The History of Latin America: Collision of Cultures. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2007.
FERREIRA, Júlio Andrade. História da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. 2 Vls. São Paulo: Casa Editora Presbiteriana, 1992.
FONTAINE, Roger W. Brazil and the United States Toward a Maturing Relationship. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1974.
GARCIA, Eugênio Vargas. Cronologia das Relações Internacionais do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 2005.
HERNDON, William Lewis; GIBBON, Lardner. Exploration of the valley of the Amazon: made under direction of the Navy Department by Wm. Lewis Herndon and Lardner Gibbon, Lieutenants United States Navy. Washington: Robert Armstrong, public printer, 1854.
HILL, Lawrence F.. Diplomatic relations between Brazil and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press, 1932.
JAMES, David. “O Imperador do Brasil e os seus Amigos da Nova Inglaterra” In: Anuário do Museu de Petrópolis Volume XIII. Petrópolis: Ministério da Educação e Saúde, 1952.
KIDDER, D. P. & FLETCHER, J. C. Brazil and the Brazilians, portrayed in Historical and Descriptive Sketches (1st. ed.). Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson, 1857.
KIDDER, D. P. & FLETCHER, J. C. Brazil and the Brazilians, portrayed in Historical and Descriptive Sketches (6ª. ed.). Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson, 1866.
MATOS, Alderi S. Os Pioneiros Presbiterianos do Brasil (1859-1900): Missionários, Pastores e Leigos do Século 19. São Paulo: Editora Cultura Cristã, 2004.
MCPHERSON, James M.. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
MELLO, Evaldo Cabral de. A outra Independência: o federalismo pernambucano de 1817 a 1824. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2004.
MOREIRA, Luiz Felipe Viel; QUINTEROS, Marcela Cristina; SILVA, André Luiz Reis da. As Relações Internacionais da América Latina. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2010.
Pedro II. Diário de 1862. Introdução e notas de Hélio Viana, Separata do Anuário do Museu Imperial, vol. 17, Petrópolis, 1956.
RIBEIRO, Boanerges. A Igreja Presbiteriana no Brasil, da Autonomia ao Cisma. São Paulo: Livraria O Semeador, 1987.
RIBEIRO, Boanerges. Protestantismo e Cultura Brasileira: Aspectos Culturais da Implantação do Protestantismo no Brasil. São Paulo: Casa Editora Presbiteriana, 1981.
SMITH, Joseph. Brazil and the United States: Convergence and Divergence. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2010.
SMITH, Joseph. Unequal giants: diplomatic relations between the United States and Brazil, 1889-1930. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.
SPIX, Johann Baptist von; AGASSIZ, Louis; MARTIUS, Karl Friedrich Philipp von. Selecta genera et species piscium Brasiliensium. Monachii: Typis C. Wolf, 1829.
VIEIRA, David Gueiros. O Protestantismo, a Maçonaria e a Questão Religiosa no Brasil. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 1980.
