Marxist foundation and historical development: interpretation and practice in China’s new era

Meixu Chen[1]

Abstract: Professor Chen Xianda’s required course of Marxist Philosophy in the new era interprets the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era theoretically, and tells people the Marxist philosophical basis of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era in a simple way. He wants to teach people to comprehensively and deeply understand the theory of socialism with new era characteristics on the basis of reading the original, learning it and understanding the principles, so as to better lead the practice. Among them, “learning to understand” requires leading cadres to accurately understand the logic system and theoretical origin of the socialist theory in the new era, and to enter the mind into the heart into the action. “Getting through” requires leading cadres to accurately grasp the theoretical logic, the historical one and practical logic of the thought in the new era, and to learn to examine the problems faced in the process of socialist construction from the perspective of the whole and development. “Being realistic” is required that the theory of leading cadres should be combined with practice, and the socialist thought, with Chinese characteristics in the new era, should be carried out and implemented in the specific work of this region and this department.

Keywords: Marxist Philosophy. Main Switch of Marxism. Understand and Make Practical. Marxist Thought.

Introduction

Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that Marxism is the Communists’ “true book”, “truth” does not read and just want to “take the Bible” would miss the big things. To read the “truth” well, the Communists must first clearly understand the relationship between the Communists and the Marxist “body” and “soul” (Xi, 2019a, p. 5). To clarify this relationship, it is necessary to read and learn the original text, understand the principle of efforts, and learn to understand and do truth, in order to achieve the study of thinking through, knowledge and letter unity. However, how to deeply understand and grasp the power of Marxist truth and the chapter of socialism with Chinese characteristics, in the new era, is not an easy task. Therefore, seeking truth, in the principle of the original text, and integrating with the times have become urgent and important subjects.

On this occasion, the book The Necessary Course of Marxist Philosophy in the New Era, written by Professor Chen Xianda, our country’s famous Marxist philosopher, was born (Green, 1993, p. 226). In-depth and shallow lead people first into Marxist philosophy and, then, into the Marxist philosophy, led by the general switch, into political economy and scientific socialism. and to form, in China’s reality, a socialist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics, leading the direction of China’s social development. Thus, the principles of Marxism should be understood to perceive the source charm of the new era of characteristic socialist thought, look at the development prospects of characteristic socialism and look forward to a better future for mankind. In the Western market and in China’s socialist one, it is necessary, with no doubt, to distinguish the difference between the two economic bases, as well as the differences in the superstructure on its basis (Xi, 2019b, p. 6; Najarian, 2018, p. 518). It is necessary to soberly know the characteristics of characteristic socialism, then firmly establish four consciousness, and adhere to four self- confidences and two maintenances. To study The Necessary Course of Marxist Philosophy in the New Era (Chen, 2019a, p. 23; Owen, 2010, p. 221) carefully, it is necessary to learn how to understand the principles of Marxism as a habit of life, as a spiritual pursuit. The classical culture of positive spirit is used to quench the thought, the sublime realm, and guide the practice.

This paper discusses the inevitability of Marxist philosophy in the new era and explores its methods accordingly. In the current complex social background, a deep understanding of Marxist philosophy is very important for the individuals, society and the country’s development. Based on the analysis of the current problems and development trends in China, this paper puts forward that colleges and universities should set Marxist philosophy as the main course, and adopts some specific countermeasures and measures. This article is not only an important exposition of the Marxist philosophy course, but also a reflection on the teaching reform, hoping to provide some reference and enlightenment for improving the college students’ quality and ability, and improving their quality and ability.

1 Marxist philosophy enters a new era

As for the “compulsory course of Marxist philosophy in the new era”, the theme to be solved is to explore what content and fields should be covered by the compulsory course of Marxist philosophy in the current new era context. Specifically, the theme includes the theoretical analysis and application of Marxism on social change and development in the new era, the guiding role of Marxism in practical problems in different fields, and the theoretical innovation of the combination of Marxism and Socialism with Chinese characteristics. By studying this theme, the required courses of Marxist philosophy, that meet the needs of the new era, can be further refined and summarized, so as to play an important role in guiding practice and promoting social development.

The book The Necessary Course of Marxist Philosophy in the New Era is closely linked to the contemporary society’s development from the title to the inter-content frame, and is not an isolated theoretical abstraction, starting from the realistic background of national development (Mandell, 2002, p. 149). The book clearly tells the reader that Marxism is the scientific system of Marxist philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism theory, in which Marxist philosophy is the general switch to master and understand Marxism. The new era of characteristic socialism thought is led by Marxism and is the result of the chemicalization of Marxism, which has a close inner relationship with Marxist philosophy and Marxist principles. Therefore, it is also necessary to be guided by Marxism in order to learn and master Xi Jinping’s new-age socialist thought (Sun, 2019). Second, the book also tells the reader why Marx’s philosophy can do this guidance. The book expresses the Marxist world view and methodology, position view and method, the world’s materiality and its development law, the natural and historical laws of human social development, the human beings’ freedom and all-round development, the essence of cognition and its laws, the practice view, the mass view, the class view, the view of development, the view of contradiction and other core ideas. The general principle sited in the whole is completely correct^1, and this correct has not changed with the human society’s earth-shaking changes. The reason comes from the difference between Marxist philosophy and the past philosophy, which makes the interpretation of the world and the world’s transformation carry out the combination of the important machine, so that the theory and practice both landed. Third (Wang; Wang, 2019, p. 11; Harvey, 2017, p. 143), it changes the relationship between philosophy and the people, and is the people-centered philosophy, of course, which is also, with Marxism, occupied by the truth and moral commanding heights. For these two commanding points, science and practice condense the commanding heights of truth. Its scientific answers are about where capitalists go to and where human society goes to, and points out the route for the development of human society. Marxism is the theoretical representative of the world’s proletariat and human interests, and such a theory represents a firm occupation of the high ground of human morality. It has no self-interest and represents the vast majority of the people and the direction of historical progress. It resolutely struggles for this and finally put the combination of truth and morality in the highest pursuit of the goal of communism. Therefore, it is of great significance to study Marxist philosophy and apply Marxist one.

1.1 Marxist Social Theory: Addressing the Gap in Transforming Capitalist Markets into a People-Centric Social Economy

China’s efforts to restore economic growth and welfare are based on the new social development model that combines Marxist theory with China’s reality. However, the document does not provide sufficient reasons to clarify these differences. This paper argues that the Marxist social theory tells people how to organize the economy so that most people can benefit, but it does not explain how the capitalist market economy can become a social economy that serves the people, rather than a social economy that serves the capitalist class.

In order to solve this problem, this paper needs to clearly explain how the capitalist market economy is transformed into a social market one. This means identifying specific policies and measures that can be implemented to redistribute wealth and ensure that society’s all members share the benefits of economic growth more fairly. In addition, the document needs to address potential challenges and trade-offs that may arise during the transition to a social market economy.

However, learning Marxist philosophy is not an easy task. Professor Chen Xianda found, in the course of his own study, from concept to concept research seems to be profound. In fact, there is no solution to any real problems. Especially in the field of Chinese traditional psychology, it is nothing new for China to have only thought but no philosophy, so measuring Marxist philosophy cannot conclude that Marxist philosophy is philosophy (Marx; Engels, 2014a, p. 12). Such differences not only produce in Sino-Malaysian philosophy, but also in idealism and materialism, and even in Western different philosophies. It can be said that there are absolutely no two identical philosophical systems in today’s world. Under such a premise, the diversity of philosophical existence determines that the concept of philosophy is not model, difficult to define, which makes it difficult to learn philosophy. There are many people who are aware of the characteristics of socialism theories in the new era, but do not know why. Chen did not believe that philosophy is the history of philosophy in the scope of it, outside its scope, and philosophy history is philosophy. Philosophy is there, exists in different forms and in different nationalities, and is universal.

Thus, in different forms, a common nature is also shown. Compared to science, philosophy is the theoretical form of worldview. Essentially, philosophy is to explore the world’s nature in general, the man’s positioning in the world and the relationship between man and the world, as well as the way of understanding the world. As far as the problem is concerned, the philosophical problem is abstract and omnipresent. It is the formal expression of concept and category, which is the abstract concept and the category system (Marx; Engels, 2014b, p. 12); the world view is a generalization of the essence of philosophy, the realistic world is the man’s world, the world that includes man and human society, and the world view covers the path and method of understanding and transforming the relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and self. From the formal understanding of philosophy, philosophy, as a world view, manifested as the dominant and invisible two forms. The dominant form clearly points to the world as the object, and the invisible seems to point to a world’s certain phenomenon. In terms of expression, philosophy is a philosophy of daily life, which more or less exists among everyone. Philosophy is a philosopher’s philosophy, and philosopher’s philosophy is a certain system. Although it is not necessarily scientific, it has a certain degree of creativity. Philosophy provides philosophical wisdom, which enlightens and cultivates people’s theoretical thinking ability and thinking method, and improves people’s moral realm. For a nation, philosophy is the core of the national spirit, accumulated in a nation’s character and spirit. Among the many philosophical existences, Marxist philosophy is a scientific world view and methodology, which is different from other philosophy. It clearly takes the general laws of nature, society and human thinking as the research object (Hou, 2018), and pushes the world view problem from the problem of existence to the study of the world’s universal law, which may prevent the possibility of turning philosophy into pure debate and pure subject opinion. It also takes the proletariat and the issue of human liberation as its philosophical mission and task, and also changes the structure of philosophy (Xu, 2017, p. 102).

1.2 Marxist Philosophy: Unveiling the Analytical Power and Transformative Potential for the Working Class

Marxist philosophy has helped the working class to master how to observe things, how to thoroughly recognize their living conditions, and then analyze how law, politics, philosophy, religion and so on develop from their economic living conditions, production methods and product exchange sashimi. From that, the law of development to find out the fundamental problem and the world view suitable for the proletariat’s living and struggle conditions, formed the dialectical materialism of Marxist philosophy and historical materialism structure. It is this structure that fundamentally changes the thought-and-think, the philosophers’ dean and dogmatic ills in history. It is the formation and completion of the historical mission of Marxist philosophy that gives it a sharp weapon to understand the world and transform it, and establishes an irreplaceable position.

One possible explanation is that China’s socialist system, with Chinese characteristics, is different from the traditional socialist system, which advocates for the elimination of private ownership and the establishment of collective ownership. Instead, China’s socialist system allows for a certain degree of private ownership and the existence of a market economy, which is in line with China’s current reality and economic conditions. In practical terms, China’s government has employed various policies and measures to moderate the effects of the market economy and promote social welfare, such as income redistribution and social security systems. These policies are also consistent with Marxist ideas of social justice and equality.

From the publication of Marx’s Communist Manifesto to today, 170 years have passed, and the human race has undergone a dramatic change. Marxist philosophy has always paid attention to practical problems, providing a philosophical perspective with the role of world outlook and methodology for the contemporary world and contemporary China. In particular, philosophy, through economic theoretical issues and practical dialogue, enables philosophers to rest at ease, and gives economic attention to real life: a theoretical sky (Chen, 2019b, p. 98). It is based on practice, on world view and on the unity of science and value, based on law. It is also the result of the interaction between philosophy and political economy and scientific socialism on the basis of practice, which is concerned with the mankind’s situation, the human beings’ liberation and the human beings’ all-round development. The essence of Marxist philosophy requires it to be concerned about the social reality and to be associated with the proletariat’s historical mission and human liberation. Marxism is a complete system, theoretically a theoretical process of mutual promotion, argumentation and gradual integration. This process is actually the process of creation, maturity and development of Marxism. Its epoch can better reflect its ability to interpret and its real value. If the reverse thinking is adopted, its modernization becomes its vitality and makes it continuously reflect the essence of the spirit of the times. The contemporary theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the product of the times, which injects fresh blood into the vitality of Marxist philosophy and embodies the significance of the epochal and integral nature of Marxism. From the three fields of philosophy, political economy and scientific society, combining with China’s reality, the isolated and one-sided understanding and combination have been abandoned. Otherwise, there is no possibility of the formation and development of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Marxist philosophy does play a central role in understanding the Marxist ideology. At the same time, it is also necessary to recognize that, in the field of philosophy, different theories can have multiple interpretations and complement each other. As mentioned, Karl Popper has different scientific views from Marxist philosophy, which is also the reason why different philosophical schools, such as absolutism and relativity, can provide their own explanations. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain an open and inclusive attitude, respect the contributions and ways of thinking of different schools, and promote the development of philosophical investigations through exchanges.

2 Social thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era is the marxism of chemicalization

The role of Marxist theory is of the same significance in different historical periods, emphasizing social struggle in the period of revolution, the high development of productive forces during the period of the establishment and moral values in the period of indoctrination of the people. In different development needs, Marxist philosophy shows its vitality with its “time-oriented” meaning and continues to embody the essence of the spirit of the times. Professor Chen Xianda believes that mastering the laws of history and developing historical problems must be analyzed by philosophy. Although historical facts have one-time characteristics, the historical phenomenon has a strong similarity; the historical law has repeatability; and the law is better than experience (Li, 2021, p. 354). Based on this, the history of the founding of New China has been opened. Since the founding of New China, Comrade Mao Zedong in the Tanilba Gate City, on the high ground, solemnly announced that the People’s Republic of China was founded, and Chinese people have since stood up.

2.1 Evolution of Chinese Socialism: Integrating Deng Xiaoping's Economic Focus with Marxist Principles

According to Deng Xiaoping’s theory on what socialism is and how to build socialism, it is necessary to concentrate on developing the Chinese economy, take the path of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and make China’s great path of prosperity. It is not led from the Marxist thought, but the Marxist thought and China’s reality are combined. From the eradication of exploitation and the elimination of oppression, the Chinese people are saved from the oppression of the three mountains, laying the foundation of the people’s ownership. It is necessary to concentrate on the development of productive forces and create Deng Xiaoping Theory, three representatives of important ideas and scientific development concept of Marx’s specific ideological system of chemicalization, so as to catch up with the trend of the times and follow the pulse of the times. With the Chinese people standing up and getting rich, the stage of socialism with new era characteristics must be for the Chinese people to become stronger. At different stages, different tasks and different changes, in the stage characterized by the new socialist era, social contradictions have changed, and the people’s need for a better life and the imbalance of contradictions is not enough. From the changes in social contradictions, it can be seen that Marxism has changed the rights and interests of the majority of the people to be masters of their own country. It can be guided by self-reliance and, with the whole country’s joint efforts, it can be concentrated to build and consolidate the people’s achievements, as being masters of their own country.

Then, centering on economic construction, the reform of socialist market economy is carried out, changing the relationship between ownership and distribution, planning and market, fairness and efficiency, and scientifically developing Marxist political and economic theory. The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics was produced on the basis of the common rich social ideals of the development and the liberation of productive forces, the elimination of class exploitation and oppression, the establishment of harmony between man and nature, and between man and man, and the harmonious distribution of human and material production. Marxist philosophy is not false, separated from the actual life. Especially, it cannot be separated from economic life. Economic life cannot be too realistic, too micro. Otherwise, it cannot reflect the self-improvement of the socialist system under the guidance of Marxism, let alone cannot fully display the powerful function of Marxist economics. Putting Marxist philosophy, political economy and socialist theory, in the same field, to understand the idea of socialism with Chinese characteristics can clearly discover the theoretical roots of “four consciousnesses”, “four self-confidences” and “two maintenances”, so as to deepen understanding, form the self-confidence concept of leading practical behavior and make the people move consciously on the road of track.

Man is the only existence with historical consciousness. Marxism in China has spread for one hundred years. These one hundred years of spread has become the forerunner’s China’s reform thought, and the echo of the times has become a main line. The current development mode of Marxist philosophy shows the philosophical innovation paradigm of the diversity of the theme, the nationalization of the road and the personalized style. The innovation of each paradigm is the creative result of philosophical thinking. These paradigms have shown tremendous value in contemporary times. Attention is also paid to the theoretical foothold of Tommy’s ontology, which is inseparable from the establishment of world understanding and the transformation of world philosophy, as well as the dilemma of seeking ontology in the relationship between the cognitive subject and object. Especially in the realistic social construction, the contradiction between subjectivity theory and related theories should be solved, and the conflict and integration between subjectivity and related theories should be entered, so as to firmly establish the scientific basis of Marxist philosophy. In the process of learning to practice and carry out the new era characteristic socialist thought, it is necessary to pay attention to the interpretation of Marxist philosophical texts, the historical background and themes of various texts. The differences between different fields and the significance of text interpretation are also significant.

2.2 Navigating China's Path through Philosophy, Socialism, and Global Challenges: Xi Jinping's Call for Original Learning

General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the principle of learning the original interpretation. On the basis of the basic principles of Marxist literature research, the overall understanding of the basic principles of Marxism and its Chinese characteristic socialist theory, learners have no right to change the text without authorization. Especially in the era of “global village”, Big data, philosophy and Marxist philosophy are not unique in China. Compared with the rapid development of science and technology, and the needs of science and technology, the development of philosophy is relatively cold and faces difficulties. At present, the development of productive forces in China is an important task. From the national and market needs level, philosophy seems not to be a necessity. However, from Mao Zedong Thought to Deng Xiaoping Theory, three ideas are important for the scientific perspective on development and then for the new era of introducing characteristic social thought policies. All with indisputable facts prove the Marxist philosophy for the founding of the contemporary Chinese great practical value and the theoretical one.

In fact, philosophy is not only important to the state’s role and to the nation in the party, but also important to the people (Shi, 2019, p. 89). Dilemmas are the present opportunities and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the historical mission, identify the social orientation and improve the theoretical level to understand the construction of China’s road and China’s plan in the world political landscape, so as to consolidate the theoretical and practical basis of the confidence doctrine of China’s road confidence, institutional confidence, theoretical confidence and cultural one, and then recognize and establish the necessity of “two maintenance”. As party members and cadres, they should accurately grasp the master switch of Marxist philosophy, start from the basic principle system of Marxism, to find or discover the theoretical origin of socialism with characteristics. So as to face and publicize the masses, and occupy their ideological position. Affirming the achievements made, since China’s reform and opening up, is the correct handling of the main contradictions and achievements in society, which is related to the future and destiny of socialism. It cannot be careless at all. This is why Xi Jinping has decided to adhere to the principle that “Party members and cadres” must learn the original principles and understand the original understanding of middle school and the true characteristics of socialist ideology.

In the era of world integration, the relationship between Marx’s materialistic view of history and socialism has undergone great changes, and the practical relationship based on socialist practice has been at the top of the list, which has become the theoretical basis of socialist line, policy and policy formulation. Its application is to verify the development of materialist historical theory, but the degree of persistence and accuracy is related to the success or failure of the socialist cause. History teaches that only in sober awareness can one have a firm position. Looking back on the socialist practice itself, in the period of China’s socialist transformation and socialist construction, it raises different problems from the revolutionary period and, in the course of dealing with these problems, China correctly combines historical materialism with the socialist practice, constructs the dynamic development situation of China’s contemporary times, and forms the Chinese road and plan. The socialist characteristic ideology of the new era is still based on the complete liberation of humanity and concern for future social development, the proletariat’s liberation and the working people as the foundation, and the main task of dealing with the people’s desire for a better life and the unbalanced social contradictions of development, without deviating from the essence of Marxism.

In the concrete implementation, it is necessary to strengthen the internal adherence to the Marxist position, viewpoint and method, and teach party members and cadres how to understand and apply this method and how to understand this principle in the original text, so as to achieve the conscious use of this position, views and methods, with the initial heart and mission to remind themselves to consciously play the Communist Party members’ pioneering role, completing the commitment to fight for the cause of communism lifelong oath. China has an impact on the wisdom of China’s external road use. The voices of the Belt and Road, the Community of Common Destiny, and the chorus on the world stage convey the universal principle of communication among the world’s people, and promote the growth of the world’s people in the capital world, so as to drive the all countries’ people to develop Material culture production, strengthen spiritual and cultural exchanges, and sing the same song of world peace. The world’s universal communication and connection have made people all over the world aware of the development of science and the improvement of productivity, thus enabling the rigorous logic and iron laws of scientific rationality to meet the human body’s needs in the emptiness of the soul. Philosophy gives people a dwelling place for their souls.

3 “Knowledge, Practice and use” under the guidance of Marxist philosophy

Marxism is a theory that occupies the high ground of truth and morality. It can scientifically answer the path of capitalism and the human society’s direction, allowing people to find the source of path confidence, institutional confidence and theoretical confidence in principles, and the question of the century of the necessity for Marxism to find confidence in Chinese culture. Marxism includes three parts: Marxist philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. The three parts are interrelated and interact with each other and are an inseparable scientific whole. In this whole, Marxist philosophy is the master and understanding of the general switch of Marxism, so the principle of learning the original understanding should start from Marxist philosophy. In the understanding of the relationship between the world and the world’s transformation, and the relationship between philosophy and the people, it is clarified that Marxist philosophy is proletarian, a philosophy of human liberation and a philosophy centered on the people. It is not an abstract theory, but closely integrated with life, with the shaping of one’s own personality, with moral cultivation and recuperation, and with the cultivation of humanistic qualities. To open this general switch to illuminate the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism must be systematically grasped. Scientific, practical and open view of materialism is used to observe the world today and analyze world problems. Political economy is combined with scientific socialist related knowledge to appreciate the Chinese road, Chinese wisdom, and Chinese spirit, firmly establish the concept of communism and the four consciousnesses, and consciously resist the influence of Western universal values and social benefits.

The development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era needs innovative philosophical theoretical support (Yang, 2018, p. 66). The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China summarizes the development course of socialism from politics, theory and practice, and puts forward the goal of the middle of this century according to the actual situation of China’s development. In order to better accomplish these tasks, the leading cadres put forward the theoretical requirements of learning, understanding, making new ideas, new diagnoses, new tasks and new measures, that is, to read the original, learn the original text, understanding the principles (N) on the basis of a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the new era characteristic socialist theory, so that it can better lead the practice. Among them, “learning to understand” is to require leading cadres to accurately understand the logical system and theoretical origin of the new era socialist theory, and act in mind.

First of all, to understand the theory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to understand the scientific, popular, practical and open nature of Marxist philosophy and its contemporary values, and to scientifically answer the questions of capitalism, history, the century and the present on the platform of the commanding heights of Marxist truth. In the Marxist content system, learning Marxism is a discipline system that includes philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. Marxism wants to teach people in the process of getting through the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to first make clear the century question of “whether Marxism is out of date”, the question of contemporary times and the question of history. Marx discovered the essential attributes of an asset-based society, exposing the hypocrisy of the capitalist system. “Even if the propaganda of freedom, democracy, equality and human rights can not hide the fact that they are the exploitation and domination of the majority by the minority, nor can they escape the crisis and conflict brought about by their own nature”. Marxism represents the interests of the world’s proletariat and puts forward the goal of eliminating the exploited class completely in the form of revolution, establishing the proletariat revolutionary regime and moving towards human freedom and society’s all-round development. It is this position and method of Marxism that Marxism is not dogmatic and fanciful, but it develops continuously with the development of the proletariat movement. In the historical practice of China’s proletariat revolution and construction, Mao Zedong’s Thought, Deng Xiaoping’s Theory, three important ideas (Chen, 2017, p. 39), the scientific concept of development and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era are the best examples and concentrated embodiments of Marxism advancing with the times. If we want to teach how to do it, he must vigorously promote Marxist learning style, accept the nourishment of Marxist philosophical wisdom to improve the level of theoretical thinking and enhance the ability of strategic analysis, and firmly believe in ideals and beliefs on the basis of the philosophy of hard work and adherence to seeking truth from facts. First of all, people are required to take the initiative to adhere to the study of Marxist theory, deeply understand the people’s characteristics, revolution and science of Marxist philosophy, adhere to the proletariat’s position and, consciously, use Marxism to analyze today’s problems and solve various contradictions. Especially in the ideological field, a battlefield that is more brutal than the fight with live ammunition. It is more important to polish people’s eyes, stand firm in the people’s position. Marxism is used as a weapon to recognize and identify the capitalist countries using universal values, historical nihilism, populism, neoliberalism and other covert, more deceptive tactics, effectively fightback and destroy their peaceful evolution and color revolution in China.

Therefore, the theory of Chinese characteristics requires leading cadres to seek truth and pragmatism from Marxism, always maintain a clear understanding and a high vigilance and self-consciousness, and play a good leadership role among the people to build China into a solid Marxist revolutionary position. It is necessary to carry out the theory of characteristic socialism, and the position of Marxist culture should not be abandoned. Five thousand years of Chinese culture have formed their inherent openness and inclusiveness. Today’s Chinese culture “[…] already covers Marxist cultural views, traditional Chinese culture and Western culture” (Moore, 2014, p. 98). In the process of its formation, there have been the trend of negation of Chinese traditional culture, the demand for the overall westernization, and the whole retro and cultural conservatism.

Conclusions

The main points discussed in the article were summarized, emphasizing the connections among the sociological diagnosis, the reformulation of Marxism and the criticism of the Chinese Communist Party. Insights or recommendations on how these findings can contribute to overcoming the challenges faced by China were provided. “The Must-Study course of Marxist Philosophy in the New Era” leads to learn to understand and practice the theory of socialism with the characteristics of the new era, so that people can clarify the development direction and circumvention of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and remind people that Chinese wisdom and Chinese programs need the Chinese Communists to cultivate positive spirit, harden their thoughts and sublimate the realm (Westhaver, 2021, p. 161). In the process of conforming to the people’s hearts, respecting public opinion, paying attention to the people’s feelings and striving for democracy, the driving force for development has been gained, leading the people to realize the great Chinese dream. Based on this understanding, the report of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee has put forward the direction of further improving the system of national governance and the modernization of its governance ability, so as to realize the effectiveness of the Communist Party of China as a Marxist political party to maintain its hardhandedness and purity.

Fundação Marxista e desenvolvimento histórico: interpretação e prática na nova era da china

Resumo: O curso obrigatório de Filosofia Marxista na nova era, ministrado pelo professor Chen Xianda, interpreta teoricamente a teoria do socialismo com características chinesas na nova era e nos informa, de forma simples, a base filosófica marxista da teoria do socialismo com características chinesas na nova era. Ele quer nos ensinar a compreender, de forma abrangente e profunda, a teoria do socialismo com características da nova era, com base na leitura do original, no aprendizado do original e na compreensão dos princípios, de modo a conduzir melhor a prática. Entre eles, “aprender a entender” exige que os líderes compreendam com precisão o sistema lógico e a origem teórica da teoria socialista, na nova era, e que entrem com a mente no coração e na ação. “Passar por isso” exige que os líderes compreendam com precisão a lógica teórica, a lógica histórica e a lógica prática do pensamento, na nova era, e que aprendam a examinar os problemas enfrentados no processo de construção socialista, a partir da perspectiva do todo e do desenvolvimento. “Ser realista” significa que é necessário que a teoria dos quadros dirigentes seja combinada com a prática, e que o pensamento socialista, com características chinesas, na nova era, deve ser realizado e implementado no trabalho específico dessa região e desse departamento.

Palavras-chave: Filosofia marxista. Principal mudança do marxismo. Compreender e tornar prático. Pensamento marxista.

References

CHEN, J. R. Reflections on College Counselors’ Understanding and Practice of the Spirit of the 19th National Congress. Journal of College Counselors. v. 6, n. 9, p. 39-44, 2017.

CHEN, S. D. The compulsory course of Marxism in the new era. Beijing: Beijing People’s Press, 2019a.

CHEN, S. D. The compulsory course of Marxism in the new era. Beijing: Beijing People’s Press, 2019b.

GREEN, T. The Pueblo Storyteller - Development of a Figurative Ceramic Tradition - Babcock, Ba. Journal of American Folklore, v. 106, n. 420, p. 226-227, 1993.

HARVEY, A. Waterside Luxury Apartment Development, Stoke Newington. Critical Survey, v. 29, n. 1, p. 143-143, 2017.

HOU, S. W. Learning to Understand Basic Theories, Beijing: Party School Press of the CPC Central Committee, 2018.

LI, J. J. Strengthening the Soft Power of Media Culture in Learning to understand and Practice, News Front, v. 3, p. 354-361, 2021.

MANDELL, S. Abraham, Israel and the nations: The patriarchal promise and its covenantal development in ‘Genesis’. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, v. 64, n. 1, p. 149-150, 2002.

MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. Communist Manifesto. Beijing: People’s Press, 2014a.

MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. German ideology. Beijing: People’s Press, 2014b.

MOORE, R. Capital/Pierre Bourdieu. London: Routledge, 2014.

NAJARIAN, J. Arresting Development: Comics at the Boundaries of Literature. Twentieth Century Literature, v. 64, n. 4, p. 518-526, 2018.

OWEN, M. Tibetan Buddhist Ethnography: Deficiencies, Developments, and Future Directions. Buddhist Studies Review, v. 27, n. 2, p. 221-238, 2010.

SHI, W. L. True Learning, True Understanding, True faith, knowledge and practice. Branch construction. v. 30, p. 89-102, 2019.

SUN, Z. X. Marxist philosophical wisdom. Beijing: Beijing Modern Press, 2019.

WANG, Y.; WANG, Z. R. Five focus points for building a socialist cultural power. Guangming Daily, v. 11, p. 11, 2019.

WESTHAVER, G. Continuity and Development: Looking for Typological Treasure with William Jones of Nayland and E. B. Pusey. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, v. 97, n. 1, p. 161-177, 2021.

XI, J. P. Learning the basic theory of Marxism is a compulsory course for the Communists. Beijing: People’s, 2019a.

XI, J. P. The outline of the study of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Beijing People’s Press, 2019b.

XU, H. learn to understand and implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress, Agricultural Development and Finance, n. S2, p. 102-112, 2017.

YANG, X. L. Understanding the significance of The Times to make the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress real - Opening a new journey of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era. Learning Theory, v. 6, p. 66-78, 2018.

Received: 20/05/2023 - Approved: 14/07/2023 - Published: 10/01/2024

Notes

[←1]

College of Marxism, Changchun Institute of Architecture, Changchun, 130000 – China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7158-1035. E-mail: aegean_2004@163.com.

Table of Contents

1

←1