A case report on rapid clinical recovery and satisfactory outcome of a toddler with probable Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Authors

  • Luciana Guerra Gallo Zika and other Arbovirus Cohort Studies – ZARICS, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brasil. /Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, UnB Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brazi
  • Ana Flávia de Morais Oliveira Zika and other Arbovirus Cohort Studies – ZARICS, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brasil. /Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, UnB Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brazi
  • Luíza Morais de Matos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, UnB Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brazil. /Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Setor de Áreas Isoladas Norte (SAIN) - Brasília (DF), Brazil
  • Amanda Amaral Abrahão Zika and other Arbovirus Cohort Studies – ZARICS, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brazil.
  • Flávia de Assis Silva Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Setor de Áreas Isoladas Norte (SAIN) - Brasília (DF), Brazil.
  • João Pedro Mendes Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília (DF), Brazil.
  • Carolina Martins Pereira Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Setor de Áreas Isoladas Norte (SAIN) - Brasília (DF), Brazil.
  • Amanda Silva Franco Molinari Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Setor de Áreas Isoladas Norte (SAIN) - Brasília (DF), Brazil.
  • Ernane Pires Maciel Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Setor de Áreas Isoladas Norte (SAIN) - Brasília (DF), Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.11116

Keywords:

Guillain-Barre Syndrome, child health, Child Development

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute and sub-acute flaccid paralysis after polio eradication. Although rare, it is recognized as the leading cause of flaccid paralysis among the admissions to pediatric intensive care for acute neuromuscular diseases.

Objective: To report the case of a 14-month-old male patient with a probable diagnosis of GBS with acute, myelinated motor sensitive neuropathy, with probable secondary axonal involvement, with rapid clinical recovery.

Case Report: A male patient admitted in a reference hospital in the Federal District, Brazil, residing in the Integrated Development Region of the Federal District and Surroundings. The child was 14 months old and 8.6 kg, with an updated vaccination status and neuropsychomotor development appropriate for his age, with a condition of paresis in the lower limbs, without cognitive changes. After 14 hours of admission, due to the worsening of his clinical situation and the albumino-cytological dissociation identified by the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, it was started immunotherapy with intravenous human immunoglobulin, 0.7g/kg/day for three days. Twenty four hours after start of treatment, the child showed a clinical improvement of his general condition. The patient was discharged after five days of hospitalization. After 76 days of discharge, there was a significant improvement in neuropsychomotor development, despite a slight delay in its development.

Conclusion: Due to the rarity of Guillain-Barré Syndrome among young children, it is important that health professionals remain sensitive to capture and treat unusual cases in a timely manner. We also recommend that the identified cases be monitored carefully, in order to check if the Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and its variants, can explain developmental disorders a posteriori.

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Published

2020-10-15

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 3 (2020)

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

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Copyright (c) 2020 Luciana Guerra Gallo

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.