The postural control of Brazilian children aged 6 to 9 years using a smartphone is similar to their posture with eyes closed

Authors

  • Thiago Weyk de Oliveira Beliche Graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Health Products, State University of Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
  • Tânia Cristina Dias da Silva Hamu Physiotherapy undergraduate program, Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
  • Thailyne Bizinotto Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
  • Celmo Celeno Porto Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
  • Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga Graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Health Products, State University of Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v31.12229

Keywords:

child development, balance, postural control, screen time

Abstract

Introduction: Electronic devices have been used by increasingly younger people, leading researchers to investigate
the impact of these technologies on the health of developing children.

Objective: To investigate the impact of smartphone use on the postural control of Brazilian children 6 to 9 years old.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 278 children from public schools in Goiânia (Goiás, Brazil). The children were assessed in an orthostatic posture with the computerized baropodometry system in three conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, and using a free smartphone application.

Results: The children were 8.36 years old on average, 82% of them were well-nourished, and had a daily mean screen time of 2 hours. The postural control analyses revealed that the children made greater postural adjustments with their eyes closed than with them open. When using the smartphone application, the postural adjustments were similar to those with eyes closed. In the stabilometry, the postural displacements made by the children behaved similarly to the static assessment only in total feet surface area.

Conclusion: Smartphone use and absence of visual stimulus in the orthostatic position caused postural instability in children 6 to 9 years old. These findings can contribute to understanding the impact of technologies on children’s development of balance in daily tasks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mushroor S, Haque S, Amir RA. The impact of smart phones and mobile devices on human health and life. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health. 25 de dezembro de 2019; 7(1): 9–15.

Plowman L. Researching young children’s everyday uses of technology in the family home. Interact Comput. janeiro de 2015; 27(1): 36–46

Souza, E. F. D. D. A influência do uso de smartphone nos comportamentos relacionados à atividade física, desempenho escolar e privação de sono dos adolescentes. 2020. Available from: www.cetic/br/pesquisa/kids-online/indicadores Acessed 26 Jul 2020.

UNICEF, organizador. Children in a digital world. New York, NY: UNICEF; 2017. 205 p. (The state of the world’s children).

Charpiot A, Tringali S, Ionescu E, Vital-Durand F, Ferber-Viart C. Vestibulo-ocular reflex and balance maturation in healthy children aged from six to twelve years. Audiol Neurotol. 2010; 15(4): 203–10.

Third A, Lala G, Diniz De Oliveira J, Bellerose D, Theakstone G. Young and online: children’s perspectives on life in the digital age(State of the world’s children 2017 companion report). 2017 [citado 14 de abril de 2021]; Disponível em: http://handle.westernsydney.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:44562

Conner BC, Petersen DA, Pigman J, Tracy JB, Johnson CL, Manal K, et al. The cross-sectional relationships between age, standing static balance, and standing dynamic balance reactions in typically developing children. Gait & Posture. setembro de 2019; 73: 20–5.

Abuin-Porras V, Villafañe JH, Jiménez-Antona C, Palacios A, Martínez-Pascual B, Rodríguez-Costa I. Relationship between attention and balance: a dual-task condition study in children. J Exerc Rehabil. 27 de junho de 2018;14(3):349–55.

Reid Chassiakos Y (Linda), Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C. Council On Communications And Media. Children and adolescents and digital media. Pediatrics. novembro de 2016;138(5):e20162593.

SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE PEDIATRIA. Departamento Científico de Adolescência. Manual de Orientação. Saúde de Crianças Adolescentes na Era Digital. Rio de Janeiro: SBP, n1; 2016. https://www.sbp.com.br/fileadmin/user_upload/2016/11/19166d-MOrient-Saude-Crian-e-Adolesc.pdf

Boudier-Revéret, M., Mazer, B., Feldman, D. E., & Shrier, I. Practice management of musculoskeletal injuries in active children. British journal of sports medicine, 2011, 45 (14), 1137-1143.

Hale Lauren, Guan Stanford. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep medicine reviews, v. 21, p. 50-58, 2015.

Genc, Z. Parents. Perceptions about the Mobile Technology Use of Preschool-Aged Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014; 146: 55-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.086

Wiener-Vacher S., Hamilton DA, Wiener SI. Vestibular activity and cognitive development in children: perspectives. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2013; 7. DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00092

Kleiner AFR, Schlittler DXC, Sánchez-Arias MDR. The role of visual, vestibular, somatosensory, and auditory systems for the postural control. Rev Neurocienc. 2011; 19(2): 349-357.

Gaertner C, Creux C, Espinasse-Berrod MA, Orssaud C, Dufier JL, Kapoula, Z. Benefit of Bi-Ocular Visual Stimulation for Postural Control in Children with Strabismus. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(4): e60341. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060341

Lobo da Costa PH; Verbecque, E; Hallemans A, Vieira MF. Standing balance in preschoolers using nonlinear dynamics and sway density curve analysis. Journal of Biomechanics. 2019 Jan 3; 82: 96-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.012

Echeverría J C, Rodríguez E, Velasco A, Álvarez-Ramírez J. Limb dominance changes in walking evolution explored by asymmetric correlations in gait dynamics. Physica A, 2010; 389(8): 1625-1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2009.12.025

Pi, CM, Arrese AL, Aparicio AV, Masià JR. Distribution of Plantar Pressures during Gait in Different Zones of the Foot in Healthy Children: The Effects of Laterality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2015; 120(1), 159-176. DOI: 10.2466/26.10.pms.120v15x8

Schabrun SM, Van Den Hoorn W, Moorcroft A, Greenland C, Hodges PW. Texting and walking: strategies for postural control and implications for safety. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 22; 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084312

Namwongsa, S., Puntumetakul, R., Neubert, M. S., & Boucaut, R. Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users. Work, 2018, 61(3), 367-378.

Kim Y-G, Kang M-H, Kim J-W, Jang J-H, Oh J-S. Influence of the duration of smartphone usage on flexion angles of the cervical and lumbar spine and on reposition error in the cervical spine. Physical Therapy Korea. 19 de fevereiro de 2013; 20(1): 10–7.

Samaan, M. N., Elnegmy, E. H., Elnahhas, A. M., & Hendawy, A. Effect of prolonged smartphone use on cervical spine and hand grip strength in adolescence.Int J Multidiscip Res Dev, 2018, 5(9), 49-53.

Yiou, E., Hamaoui, A., & Allali, G. The contribution of postural adjustments to body balance and motor performance. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2018, 12, 487.

Massion J. Postural control system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Dezembro de 1994; 4(6): 877–87.Wiener-Vacher SR, Hamilton DA, Wiener SI. Vestibular activity and cognitive development in children: perspectives. Front Integr Neurosci [Internet]. 2013 [citado 19 de abril de 2021; 7. Disponível em: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2013.00092/abstract

Ghai, Shashank, Ishan Ghai, and Alfred O. Effenberg. “Effects of dual tasks and dual-task training on postural stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Clinical interventions in aging 12 (2017): 557.

Cho S-H, Choi M-H, Goo B-O. Effect of smart phone use on dynamic postural balance. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014; 26(7): 1013–5.

Magnani RM, Lehnen GC, Rodrigues FB, de Sá e Souza GS, de Oliveira Andrade A, Vieira MF. Local dynamic stability and gait variability during attentional tasks in young adults. Gait & Posture. junho de 2017; 55: 105–8.

Sá C dos SC de, Boffino CC, Ramos RT, Tanaka C. Development of postural control and maturation of sensory systems in children of different ages a cross-sectional study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. janeiro de 2018; 22(1): 70–6.

Steindl R, Kunz K, Schrott-Fischer A, Scholtz A. Effect of age and sex on maturation of sensory systems and balance control. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 13 de fevereiro de 2007; 48(6): 477–82.

Peterson ML, Christou E, Rosengren KS. Children achieve adult-like sensory integration during stance at 12-years-old. Gait & Posture. junho de 2006; 23(4): 455–63

Published

2021-08-03

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES